In the Greek language, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Each noun in Greek has a specific gender and—unlike in English—these genders don’t only apply exclusively to nouns referring to people, but also to nouns that refer to things or animals. Therefore, gender should be viewed as a grammatical attribute of a noun and not necessarily as the sex of a person, animal, or thing.

The gender roles in Greek society are deeply influenced by the patriarchal family model, although it has been modernized over the past few decades, attempting to ensure that women are equal to men. If you take a look at Greek mythology, the gods normally represent physical power, whereas goddesses represent wisdom, love, and organization. However, today’s Greek society is quite balanced when it comes to the differences between the two genders.

In this article, we’ve gathered all the tips and tricks to help you understand grammatical Greek genders.

Table of Contents

1. The Word “Gender” in Greek
2. Articles in Greek According to Their Gender
3. Guessing the Gender of a Word in Greek
4. Memorizing the Gender of a Noun in Greek
5. Gender Variations for Adjectives
6. Conclusion

1. The Word “Gender” in Greek

• Greek: γένος
• Romanization: yénos
• Translation: “gender”

The word above is utilized in grammar to express the gender of a noun or an adjective.

• Greek: φύλο
• Romanization: fílo
• Translation: “gender”

This one is utilized in everyday speech to express the gender/sex of a person.

In Greek grammar, we use the word γένος, therefore there are three genders, which are: αρσενικό (arsenikó) meaning “masculine,” θηλυκό (thilikó) meaning “feminine,” and ουδέτερο (udétero) meaning “neuter.” These genders characterize nouns, adjectives, articles, and some pronouns and participles.

2. Articles in Greek According to Their Gender

The definitive articles in Greek are: ο (masculine), η (feminine), and το (neuter). They change depending on the grammatical case, though they all translate to the English word “the.”

Masculine Definitive Article:
Nominative: ο
Genitive: του
Accusative: τον

Feminine Definitive Article:
Nominative: η
Genitive: της
Accusative: τη(ν)

Neuter Definitive Article:
Nominative: το
Genitive: του
Accusative: το

Here’s an example of how these definite articles can be used in everyday conversations.

• Greek: Στο εστιατόριο ο άντρας κοιτούσε τον κατάλογο, η γυναίκα κοιτούσε το κινητό και το παιδί έπαιζε με τα παιχνίδια του.
• Romanization: Sto estiatório o ándras kitúse ton katálogo, i yinéka kitúse to kinitó ke to pedí épeze me ta pehnídia tu.
• Translation: “In the restaurant, the man was looking at the menu, the woman was looking at the phone, and the child was playing with his toys.”

The indefinite articles in Greek are: ένας (masculine), μια/μία (feminine), and ένα (neuter). They also get inflected according to the case.

Masculine Indefinite Article:
Nominative: ένας
Genitive: ενός
Accusative: έναν

Feminine Indefinite Article:
Nominative: μια
Genitive: μιας
Accusative: μια

Neuter Indefinite Article:
Nominative: ένα
Genitive: ενός
Accusative: ένα

Here’s an example of how to use indefinite articles.

• Greek: Ένας άντρας, μια γυναίκα και ένα παιδί έκατσαν στο δίπλα τραπέζι.
• Romanization: Énas ándras, mia yinéka ke éna pedí ékatsan sto dípla trapézi.
• Translation: “A man, a woman, and a child sat on the nearby table.”

3. Guessing the Gender of a Word in Greek

Recognizing the gender of a noun in Greek can be tricky, since all of these get inflected, resulting in different endings depending on the case they’re used in. However, in this section, we’ll refer to the most popular masculine, feminine, and neuter noun endings in the nominative case (i.e. the dictionary form).

Masculine endings:

-ος      Examples: ο άνθρωπος (o ánthropos) meaning “the human”; ο καιρός (o kerós) meaning “the weather”; ο ήλιος (o ílios) meaning “the sun”; ο κόσμος (o kózmos) meaning “the world.”

-ας      Examples: ο μπαμπάς (o babás) meaning “the father”; ο άντρας (o ándras) meaning “the man”; ο κανόνας (o kanónas) meaning “the rule”; ο ελέφαντας (o eléfandas) meaning “the elephant.”

-ης      Examples: ο λογιστής (o loyistís) meaning “the accountant”; ο υπολογιστής (o ipoloyistís) meaning “the computer”; ο πελάτης (o pelátis) meaning “the customer”; ο μαθητής (o mathitís) meaning “the student.”

-ες      Examples: ο καφές (o kafés) meaning “the coffee”; ο λεκές (o lekés) meaning “the stain.”

-ούς      Examples: ο παππούς (o papús) meaning “the grandfather.”

-έας      Examples: ο γραμματέας (o gramatéas) meaning “the secretary.”

Feminine endings:

-ος      Examples: η μέθοδος (i méthodos) meaning “the method”; η άνοδος (i ánodos) meaning “the rise”; η κάθοδος (i káthodos) meaning “the descent”; η οδός (i odós) meaning “the street”; η λεωφόρος (i leofóros) meaning “the avenue.”

-α      Examples: η μητέρα (i mitéra) meaning “the mother”; η καρέκλα (i karékla) meaning “the chair”; η θάλασσα (i thálasa) meaning “the sea”; η ώρα (i óra) meaning “the hour”; η αγελάδα (i ageláda) meaning “the cow.”

-η      Examples: η λέξη (i léxi) meaning “the word”; η αγάπη (i agápi) meaning “the love”; η ψυχή (i psihí) meaning “the soul”; η ζάχαρη (i záhari) meaning “the sugar”; η οθόνη (i othóni) meaning “the monitor.”

-ού      Examples: η μαϊμού (i maimú) meaning “the monkey.”

-ώ      Examples: η ηχώ (i ihó) meaning “the echo.”

Neuter endings:

-ος      Examples: το λάθος (to láthos) meaning “the passion”; το γεγονός (to yegonós) meaning “the incident.”

-ο      Examples: το φυτό (to fitó) meaning “the plant”; το βιβλίο (to vivlío) meaning “the book”; το γραφείο (to grafío) meaning “the office”; το ξενοδοχείο (to xenodohío) meaning “the hotel”; το λεωφορείο (to leoforío) meaning “the bus.”

-ι      Examples: το σπίτι (to spíti) meaning “the house”; το κουτί (to kutí) meaning “the box”; το πουλί (to pulí) meaning “the bird.”

-α      Examples: το πρόβλημα (to próvlima) meaning “the problem”; το μάθημα (to máthima) meaning “the lesson”; το θέμα (to théma) meaning “the subject.”

-ιμο      Examples: το φταίξιμο (to ftéximo) meaning “the fault”; το πλύσιμο (to plísimo) meaning “the washing.”

Major Exception:
There are some neuter nouns ending in -υ, which are the following:

• βράδυ (vrádi) — “night”
• στάχυ (stáhi) — “ear; the plant”
• δόρυ (dóri) — “spear”
• οξύ (oxí) — “acid”
• δίχτυ (díhti) — “net”
• δάκρυ (dákri) — “tear”

For more information on how to tell the gender of a noun, check out this video lesson.

4. Memorizing the Gender of a Noun in Greek

As you might have noticed, the -ος (-os) ending is found in nouns of all three genders, so it’s difficult to guess the gender by the ending. In this case, you should try to find another nearby word, preferably an article, which indicates the gender of the noun.

But what if there’s no indication of the noun’s gender around? Then, you can check if the noun is stressed on its last syllable; if it is, you can at least be sure that it’s not a neutral noun.

Another tricky part of the Greek language gender rules which confuses a lot of learners is the fact that there are many nouns that end with -ος (-os), which can be either masculine or feminine. Those usually indicate a profession, such as ο/η γιατρός (o/i yatrós) meaning “doctor” or ο/η δικηγόρος (o/i dikigóros) meaning “lawyer.”

It’s easy to guess the gender of some Greek nouns that refer directly to a specific sex, like the words μητέρα or μπαμπάς, because they follow their sex. But that’s not always the case. For example, το αγόρι (to agóri) meaning “the boy” is not a masculine noun; it’s neuter!

The best thing you can do to memorize the gender of a noun in Greek is to learn the noun in its dictionary form together with its article. For example, the word γάλα (gála) meaning “milk” which ends in -α could give the impression that it’s feminine—but it’s neuter. So memorizing it as το γάλα (to gála) instead could help you avoid that confusion.

5. Gender Variations for Adjectives

Adjectives can vary depending on the gender of the noun they define. Each adjective changes its ending in a different manner.

Let’s have a look at some examples below.

Normally, when the male adjective ends in -ος, then the feminine ending will be -η and the neuter ending will be -ο.

– καλ-ός / καλ-ή / καλ-ό

• Greek: Αυτός o δάσκαλος είναι πολύ καλός.
• Romanization: Aftós o dáskalos íne polí kalós.
• Translation: “This (masculine) teacher is very good.”
• Greek: Αυτή ή δασκάλα είναι πολύ καλή.
• Romanization: Aftí i daskála íne polí kalí.
• Translation: “This (feminine) teacher is very good.”
• Greek: Αυτό το παιδί είναι πολύ καλό.
• Romanization: Aftó to pedí íne polí kaló.
• Translation: “This kid is very good.”

In the same manner, indicatively, the following adjectives change their ending when referring to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns:

ελεύθερος (eléftheros) — “free”
άρρωστος (árrostos) — “sick”
όμορφος (ómorfos) — “good-looking”
άσχημος (áschimos) — “ugly”
έξυπνος (éxipnos) — “smart”

Another common category of adjectives includes masculine adjectives ending in -ος, changing the feminine to -α and the neuter to -ο.

– άδει-ος / άδει-α / άδει-ο

• Greek: Ο χώρος ήταν άδειος.
• Romanization: O hóros ítan ádios.
• Translation: “The space was empty.”
• Greek: Η αίθουσα ήταν άδεια.
• Romanization: I éthusa ítan ádia.
• Translation: “The classroom was empty.”
• Greek: Το κουτί ήταν άδειο.
• Romanization: To kutí ítan ádio.
• Translation: “The box was empty.”

In the same manner, indicatively, the following adjectives change their ending when referring to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns:

ωραίος (oréos) — “nice”
άγριος (ágrios) — “wild”
γαλάζιος (galázios) — “light blue”
γελοίος (yelíos) — “ridiculous”
αιώνιος (eónios) — “eternal”

Another category of adjectives affected by the gender of the noun is as follows:

– βαθ-ύς / βαθ-ιά / βαθ-ύ

• Greek: Ο βαθύς ποταμός.
• Romanization: O vathís potamós.
• Translation: “The deep river”
• Greek: Η βαθιά λίμνη.
• Romanization: I vathiá límni.
• Translation: “The deep lake”
• Greek: Το βαθύ πηγάδι.
• Romanization: To vathí pigádi.
• Translation: “The deep water well”

In the same manner, the following adjectives change their endings when defining masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns:

ελαφρύς (elafrís) — “light”
βαρύς (varís) — “heavy”
μακρύς (makrís) — “long”
πλατύς (platís) — “wide”
παχύς (pahís) — “thick”

If you’re interested in learning more about Greek adjectives, you’re in luck!

Just take a look at our article on the Top 100 Greek Adjectives. And if you feel like digging deeper into Greek grammar, check out lessons 13-17 of our Intermediate series.

6. Conclusion

Recognizing the gender of each noun in Greek isn’t easy. We get it. However, if you follow the above tips and tricks, you’ll be able to guess the gender of a noun or an adjective accurately in most cases. With experience, practice, and study, we’re sure you’ll soon become a master of Greek noun gender.

At GreekPod101.com, we aim to provide you with everything you need to know about the Greek language in a fun and interesting way. Stay tuned for more articles like this one, word lists, grammar tips, and even YouTube videos, which are waiting for you to discover them!

You can also upgrade to Premium Plus and take advantage of our MyTeacher program to learn Greek with your own personal teacher, who will answer any questions you might have!

In the meantime, is there a noun or adjective that troubles you? Let us know in the comments.

People in Greece might be welcoming, generous, and hospitable. However, they can also be pretty tense. A walk around Athens can resolve all your doubts. You’ll definitely encounter some people shouting at each other while driving, or even groups of teenagers arguing about their favorite artist.

This is a characteristic of almost all cultures around the Mediterranean Sea. Greek culture closely resembles those of the Italian and the Spanish. However, this phenomenon normally can’t be characterized as anger; it’s really just vivid talking. In this article, we’ll be going over the Greek word for anger, as well as how to express negative emotions in Greek.

Anger is an emotion that Greeks have tried to understand and explain since ancient times. The concept of anger is prominent in ancient Greek mythology, as the 12 Gods of Olympus showcased the same behavioral traits as the mortals. Indeed, they could be jealous, intimidated, and even angered—and believe me, you don’t want to see an angry Greek god!

When a thunderstorm hit, Greeks perceived it as an expression of Zeus’s anger. Within the same context, a storm at sea was believed to be the release of tension of Poseidon, the God of the Seas. As for earthquakes, there was the angry God Enceladus, one of the Giants, who made the Earth shiver due to his bad temper.

In the Homeric epics Iliad and Odyssey, anger is the reason for war and many other bad things that happen to the heroes. Since antiquity, it was believed that anger could make a man “blind” in the sense that he would be unable to think and act straight, thus leading to poor decision-making. One of Aristotle’s most-known quotes is:

“Anybody can become angry—that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way—that is not within everybody’s power and is not easy.”

From ancient Greece until today, anger is always present in our lives.

→ For information on how to put other feelings into Greek words, check out our useful lesson on GreekPod101.com.

So, how is anger in modern Greek culture? Well, here’s the word for “anger” in Greek:

Greek: (o) θυμός
Romanization: thimós
Translation: “anger” (masculine)

This is a masculine noun, but there’s also a feminine noun that you can use for more intense anger:

Greek: (η) οργή
Romanization: oryí
Translation: “rage” (feminine)

In this article, we’ll demonstrate some of the most common angry Greek phrases and expressions. Nevertheless, we don’t encourage you to use them frequently, because who wants to be angry, after all?

Table of Contents

1. Angry Imperatives
2. Angry Warnings
3. Angry Blames
4. Describing How You Feel
5. How to Calm Someone Down
6. Conclusion

1. Angry Imperatives

Imperatives can be rude. So, while we don’t advise the use of the following phrases, it’s always good to know a thing or two—just in case. As you might notice, the phrases used are pretty similar to the English ones, which makes them easier to remember.

• Greek: Σκάσε!
• Romanization: Skáse!
• Translation: “Shut up!”
• Example Situation: When someone is talking constantly and you can’t stand it anymore.
• Additional Notes: This is an imperative form of the verb σκάω (skáo). This phrase is considered particularly rude and you should avoid using it.
• Greek: Άντε / Άι χάσου!
• Romanization: Áde / Ái hásu!
• Translation: “Get lost!”
• Example Situation: When someone has angered you so much that you can’t stand seeing him/her.
• Additional Notes: This is an imperative form of the verb χάνομαι (hánome), meaning “to get lost.” The first word, άντε, which is often used as άι, is an interjection and acts as a prompt meaning “go ahead” or “go on.” This is another phrase that should be avoided, as it’s considered pretty rude.

You’re probably wondering “Avoid this…avoid that…which phrase can I actually use when I’m angry?” Here are some milder examples of ways to express that you’re angry in Greek:

• Greek: Σταμάτα!
• Romanization: Stamáta!
• Translation: “Stop (it)!”
• Example Situation: When someone does something annoying.
• Additional Notes: This is an imperative form of the verb σταματάω / σταματώ (stamatáo / stamató), meaning “to stop.”
• Greek: Κόφ’ το!
• Romanization: Kóf’ to!
• Translation: “Cut it out!”
• Example Situation: When someone does something annoying.
• Additional Notes: The first word comes from the verb κόβω (kóvo), meaning “to cut,” which has been contracted before the pronoun το (to). το (to) means “it” and serves as an object here, due to a phonological phenomenon called apocope. Keep in mind that this is a slang expression, so it’s more suitable in casual situations.
• Greek: Παράτα με!
• Romanization: Paráta me!
• Translation: “Leave me alone!”
• Example Situation: When someone keeps talking to you or keeps doing something annoying.
• Additional Notes: This is an imperative form of the verb παρατάω / παρατώ (paratáo / parató), which means “abandon” / “quit” / “leave.” The word με is the weak form of the personal pronoun εμένα (eména), meaning “me” in the accusative.

→ Check out our lesson on making negative Greek commands for additional information on this topic!

2. Angry Warnings

Warning someone can be a good tactic to avoid becoming angry in the first place. These are some phrases you can use to make your point as clear as the Greek blue sky.

• Greek: Μην ανακατεύεσαι!
• Romanization: Min anakatévese!
• Translation: “Stay out of it!”
• Example Situation: When someone gets in the way or intervenes on a matter that doesn’t concern them.
• Greek: Δεν θέλω να σε ξαναδώ.
• Romanization: Den thélo na se xanadó.
• Translation: “I don’t want to see you again.”
• Example Situation: When you break up with someone.
• Greek: Μη με κάνεις να το ξαναπώ.
• Romanization: Mi me kánis na to xanapó.
• Translation: “Don’t make me say it again.”
• Example Situation: When you’ve said something over and over again, but the other individual doesn’t go along with it.
• Greek: Δεν θα το ανεχτώ!
• Romanization: Den tha to anehtó!
• Translation: “I won’t tolerate that!”
• Example Situation: When something happens that goes well and beyond your limits.

3. Angry Blames

We couldn’t leave angry blames out of this list. This is simply because the phrases below can be used to set your limits, express your anger about a situation that’s beyond your control, or make a point clear.

• Greek: Μα καλά, τι σκεφτόσουν;
• Romanization: Ma kalá, ti skeftósun?
• Translation: “What were you thinking?”
• Example Situation: When someone does something so stupid that you can’t even understand what led to this.
• Additional Notes: The phrase μα καλά literally means “But well.” However, its meaning here is different. It’s used as an exclamatory phrase to express surprise over something unthinkable.
• Greek: Εσύ φταις!
• Romanization: Esí ftés!
• Translation: “It’s your fault!”
• Example Situation: When someone does something bad.
• Greek: Ποιος νομίζεις πώς είσαι;
• Romanization: Pios nomízis pos íse?
• Translation: “Who do you think you are?”
• Example Situation: When someone acts in such a way that it suggests they think too highly of themselves.
• Greek: Αυτό που έκανες ήταν απαράδεκτο!
• Romanization: Aftó pu ékanes ítan aparádekto!
• Translation: “What you did was unacceptable!”
• Example Situation: When someone does something inappropriate.
• Greek: Είσαι τρελός / τρελή;
• Romanization: Íse trelós / trelí?
• Translation: “Are you crazy?”
• Example Situation: When someone does something crazy.
• Greek: Πας καλά;
• Romanization: Pas kalá?
• Translation: “Are you in your right mind?”
• Example Situation: When someone does something crazy and you think something is wrong with them. This expression literally means “Are you going well?” in the sense of “Are you functioning well (mentally)?”

→ Need more words and phrases? Check out our lesson on how to have an argument in Greek!

4. Describing How You Feel

Many people find it difficult to express their feelings. What you should keep in mind is that without expressing ourselves, others might misinterpret our actions or feelings. In many cases, being straightforward is a good move for avoiding anger. Here are some to-the-point phrases you can use to say “I am angry” in Greek, or to express other negative emotions:

• Greek: Είμαι πολύ θυμωμένος / θυμωμένη!
• Romanization: Íme polí thimoménos / thimoméni!
• Translation: “I am very angry!”
• Example Situation: When you’re very angry.
• Additional Notes: θυμωμένος is masculine and θυμωμένη is feminine.
• Greek: Έχω μπουχτίσει!
• Romanization: Ého buhtísi!
• Translation: “I am fed up!”
• Example Situation: When you feel like you can’t take it anymore.
• Additional Notes: The verb μπουχτίζω corresponds to the phrasal verb “feed up.”
• Greek: Ποτέ δεν έχω υπάρξει τόσο απογοητευμένος / απογοητευμένη.
• Romanization: Poté den ého ipárxi tóso apogoitevménos / apogoitevméni.
• Translation: “I’ve never been so disappointed.”
• Example Situation: When you feel deeply disappointed.
• Greek: Δεν μπορώ άλλο.
• Romanization: Den boró állo.
• Translation: “I can’t take it anymore.”
• Example Situation: When you feel you can’t take it anymore.

→ Learn the top 21 words for negative emotions with GreekPod101.com to better explain yourself.

5. How to Calm Someone Down

Calming someone down is not about charisma. It’s knowing what to say and when to say it. Here are some relevant examples of Greek phrases and expressions, which can be used for this purpose:

• Greek: Πάρε μια βαθιά ανάσα.
• Romanization: Páre mia vathiá anása.
• Translation: “Take a deep breath.”
• Example Situation: Trying to calm someone down who is very upset or in shock.
• Greek: Έλα, ηρέμησε.
• Romanization: Éla, irémise.
• Translation: “Come on, calm down.”
• Example Situation: Trying to calm someone down who is very upset.
• Greek: Πρέπει να προσπαθήσεις να ηρεμήσεις.
• Romanization: Prépi na prospathísis na iremísis.
• Translation: “You should try to calm down.”
• Example Situation: Suggesting to someone that being angry won’t do any good.

6. Conclusion

As the Greek historian Plutarch pointed out: “The characteristic of a wise man is the ability to avoid every conflict and anger.” This is indeed a wise move, although we understand that it can be difficult to stay calm in some situations.

That’s why we’ve outlined some of the most common Greek phrases and expressions related to anger—that feeling which can make you behave without thinking through all aspects of a situation.

In the end, our suggestion is the following: Every time you feel anger, just take a step back and breathe. Give it a second thought. Then, and only then, you can reach true wisdom.

However, if you feel the urge to speak, we’ve got you covered! At GreekPod101.com, we focus on practical learning, providing you with useful sentences, expressions, and word lists!

What do you do to calm down when angry?

Let us know in the comments!

Ever wondered how to say Happy Birthday in Greek?

Well, now you can easily learn all the useful Greek phrases about various life events, brought to you in this article by GreekPod101.com.

Learning—and using—the most popular Greek life event messages, such as Merry Christmas in Greek and Happy New Year in Greek, can be a nice surprise for your Greek friends.

Let’s have a look at the most appropriate ready-to-use Greek congratulations phrases you can use for each of the following occasions.

Table of Contents

1. Birthday
2. Pregnancy and Birth
3. Graduation
4. New Job or Promotion
5. Retirement
6. Wedding
7. Death or Funeral
8. Bad News
9. Illness or Injury
10. Holidays
11. New Beginnings within the Year
12. Acquiring Something New
13. Meals
14. Conclusion

1. Birthday

Greeks love birthdays and name-days. They often organize small feasts, during which all of their friends are gathered to celebrate. If you have a Greek friend, feel free to wish them a happy birthday in Greek by choosing one of the following Greek congratulations phrases.

Greek: Χρόνια πολλά!
Romanization: Hrónia polá!
Meaning: “Happy birthday!” / “Happy Name Day!” (Literally: [I wish you] many years [to live]!)

Greek: Και στα εκατό!
Romanization: Ke sta ekató!
Meaning: “(May you live) up to 100 years old!”

Greek: Να χαίρεσαι το όνομά σου!
Romanization: Na hérese to ónomá su!
Meaning: “Be happy for your name!”

Greek: Χρόνια πολλά, έστω και καθυστερημένα!
Romanization: Hrónia polá, ésto ke kathisteriména!
Meaning: “Happy belated birthday!” (Literally: Happy birthday, although belated!)

Greek: Να τα εκατοστήσεις!
Romanization: Na ta ekatostísis!
Meaning: “May you reach 100 years old!”

Greek: Να τα χιλιάσεις!
Romanization: Na ta hiliásis!
Meaning: “May you reach 1000 years old!”

Greek: Πολύχρονος (masculine) / Πολύχρονη (feminine)!
Romanization: Políhronos / Políhroni!
Meaning: “(May you be) long-lived!”

Greek: Ό,τι επιθυμείς!
Romanization: Ó,ti epithimís!
Meaning: “(May you get) everything you desire!”

2. Pregnancy and Birth

Bringing a new human to life has always been a major event in Greece. Friends and family are really happy and tend to send gifts to the happy couple. However, unlike in other countries, Greeks do not organize baby showers.

Greek: Να σας ζήσει!
Romanization: Na sas zísi!
Meaning: “(May your baby) live long!”

Greek: Γερό και καλότυχο να είναι!
Romanization: Yeró ke kalótiho na íne!
Meaning: “(May the baby) be healthy and fortunate!”

Οther popular wishes usually said to pregnant women are shown below.

Greek: Με έναν πόνο!
Romanization: Me énan póno!
Meaning: “(May the baby come out) with one pain!”

Greek: Με το καλό!
Romanization: Me to kaló!
Meaning: “(God willing) everything will be fine!”
Additional Note: This can be used in many social situations since it’s a very generic way to wish for a positive outcome.

Greek: Καλή λευτεριά!
Romanization: Kalí lefteriá!
Meaning: “(I wish you) good freedom!”
Additional Note: This is a way of wishing a woman relief after her pregnancy.

3. Graduation

Greece has one of the highest percentages of university graduates in Europe. Therefore, it’s common to celebrate one’s graduation from a university, usually with a big dinner with friends and family.

If you happen to have a friend who’s graduating, feel free to pick and use one of the following congratulations in Greek.

Greek: Συγχαρητήρια!
Romanization: Sinharitíria!
Meaning: “Congratulations!”

Greek: Και εις ανώτερα!
Romanization: Ke is anótera!
Meaning: “May you achieve greater things!”

Greek: Καλή πρόοδο!
Romanization: Kalí próodo!
Meaning: “(I wish you) good progress!”

All of the above phrases can be either formal or informal, and can be said or written in a card. In Greece, when a friend or a family member is graduating, it’s common to offer a present. It would be a nice surprise for your Greek friend to find some Greek wishes in the accompanying card!

4. New Job or Promotion

Getting a promotion is something that many people pursue, usually for many years. They deserve a happy wish, don’t they? You can choose and use one of the following.

Greek: Συγχαρητήρια για την προαγωγή σου!
Romanization: Sinharitíria ya tin proagoyí su!
Meaning: “Congratulations on your promotion!”

Greek: Σου εύχομαι καλή επιτυχία στη νέα σου θέση!
Romanization: Su éfhome kalí epitihía sti néa su thési!
Meaning: “I wish you good luck (lit. great success) on your new position!”

5. Retirement

Retirement for some is the ultimate dream. Getting old isn’t pleasant. You get tired easier, and after so many years of work, retirement seems awesome.

Here’s an appropriate wish you can use when someone you know is retiring.

Greek: Τις καλύτερες ευχές μου για το νέο κεφάλαιο της ζωής σου!
Romanization: Tis kalíteres efhés mu ya to néo kefáleo tis zoís su!
Meaning: “Best wishes on your new chapter in life!”

6. Wedding

Well, marriage is a big party, isn’t it? This is exactly what happens in Greece. The newlyweds normally organize a big feast after their marriage to celebrate their happiness with friends and family.

But what do you say at a Greek wedding? Below, you can find a wide variety of Greek wedding congratulations you can say to the happy couple!

Greek: Να ζήσετε!
Romanization: Na zísete!
Meaning: “(May you) live long!”

Greek: Βίον ανθόσπαρτον!
Romanization: Víon anthósparton!
Meaning: “(May your) life be full of flowers!”

Greek: Καλούς απογόνους!
Romanization: Kalús apogónus!
Meaning: “(May you have) good offspring!”

Greek: Η ώρα η καλή!
Romanization: I óra i kalí!
Meaning: “May the time of your marriage be good!”
Additional Note: This is said to the couple before getting married.

Greek: Και στα δικά σου!
Romanization: Ke sta diká su!
Meaning: “May you get married as well!”
Additional Note: This is said to the single people attending a wedding.

When the wedding party is over (or any other social gathering, really), the following expression is a very common thing for a host to say to his guests when they’re leaving:

Greek: Να πας (informal) / πάτε (formal, plural) στο καλό!
Romanization: Na pas / páte sto kaló!
Meaning: “Farewell!”
Additional Note: This is said to wish someone well when parting.

7. Death or Funeral

A funeral in Greece comes with great grievance and it’s considered to be a major social event. Normally, funerals are organized in churches, since most Greeks are Orthodox Christians. If you need to express your condolences, you can select one of the following Greek funeral condolences.

Greek: Θεός ‘σχωρέστον! (masculine) / Θεός ‘σχωρέστην! (feminine)
Romanization: Theós ‘schoréston! / Theós ‘schoréstin!
Meaning: “May God forgive him / her!”

Greek: Ζωή σε εσάς! / Ζωή σε λόγου σας!
Romanization: Zoí se esás! / Zoí se lógu sas!
Meaning: “(May you) live long!”
Additional Note: This refers to the family of the deceased.

Greek: Να ζήσετε να τον / τη θυμάστε!
Romanization: Na zísete na ton / ti thimáste!
Meaning: “(May you) live long in order to remember him / her!”
Additional Note: This also refers to the family of the deceased.

Greek: (Τα) συλλυπητήριά (μου)!
Romanization: (Ta) silipitíriá (mu)!
Meaning: “(My) condolences!”

8. Bad News

Show your Greek friends that you care by using the following ready-to-use Greek condolences messages.

Greek: Λυπάμαι πολύ!
Romanization: Lipáme polí!
Meaning: “I am deeply sorry!”

Greek: Λυπάμαι πολύ για αυτό που συνέβη!
Romanization: Lipáme polí ya aftó pu sinévi!
Meaning: “I am deeply sorry for what happened!”

9. Illness or Injury

In the unfortunate event of an injury or an illness, it’s considered kind to express your sympathy. You can easily do so with the following Greek phrases.

Greek: Περαστικά!
Romanization: Perastiká!
Meaning: “Get well soon!”

Greek: Καλή ανάρρωση!
Romanization: Kalí anárosi!
Meaning: “Have a good recovery!”

Greek: Σιδερένιος! (masculine) / Σιδερένια! (feminine)
Romanization: Siderénios! / Siderénia!
Meaning: “(Be) tough as iron (from now on)!”
Additional Note: This is usually said after a surgery or serious injury.

Greek: Να προσέχεις!
Romanization: Na proséhis!
Meaning: “Take care!”

10. Holidays

Holidays are all about kindness and gratitude. What do you write in a Greek Christmas card? How do you express good wishes for the holidays?

Here you can find the most popular holiday wishes, such as Merry Christmas in Greek or Happy New Year in Greek.

Greek: Καλά Χριστούγεννα!
Romanization: Kalá Hristúyena!
Meaning: “Merry Christmas!”

Greek: Καλή χρονιά!
Romanization: Kalí hroniá!
Meaning: “Happy New Year!”

Greek: Ευτυχισμένο το 2020!
Romanization: Eftihizméno to dío hiliádes íkosi!
Meaning: “Happy 2020!”

Greek: Καλή Πρωταπριλιά!
Romanization: Kalí Protapriliá!
Meaning: “Happy April Fool’s Day!”

Greek: Καλό Πάσχα!
Romanization: Kaló Páscha!
Meaning: “Happy Easter!”

11. New Beginnings within the Year

Interestingly, Greeks tend to exchange wishes, even for minor events, like the beginning of a new month, or even the beginning of a new week. Have a look at the relevant phrases below.

Greek: Καλό μήνα!
Romanization: Kaló mína!
Meaning: “Have a good month!”

Greek: Καλή εβδομάδα!
Romanization: Kalí evdomáda!
Meaning: “Have a good week!”

Greek: Καλό Σαββατοκύριακο!
Romanization: Kaló Savatokíriako!
Meaning: “Have a good weekend!”

12. Acquiring Something New

When a friend opens a new shop, or when they acquire something new, such as clothes, shoes, or even when they get a haircut, you might want to wish them the best. Here are some useful phrases for these situations.

Greek: Καλές δουλειές!
Romanization: Kalés duliés!
Meaning: “(May you have) good business!”
Additional Note: This can be said when attending the opening of a shop.

Greek: Με γεια!
Romanization: Me ya!
Meaning: “With health!”
Additional Note: This refers to a new acquisition, and is a wish for it to last. It’s a common expression for a new haircut or object.

Greek: Καλορίζικο!
Romanization: Kaloríziko!
Meaning: “I wish you to enjoy your new acquisition with good luck!”
Additional Note: This is often said when buying a house or opening up a store.

Greek: Καλοτάξιδο!
Romanization: Kalotáxido!
Meaning: “May it travel well!”
Additional Note: This is often said when getting a new car, boat, motorcycle, etc.).

13. Meals

One of the most common occasions is having dinner with some friends. Ever wondered how to say “cheers” in Greek? Read below to find out.

Greek: Γεια μας!
Romanization: Ya mas!
Meaning: “Cheers!”

Greek: Άσπρο πάτο!
Romanization: Áspro páto!
Meaning: “Bottoms up!”

Greek: Γούρι!
Romanization: Gúri!
Meaning: “(That’s) good luck!”
Additional Note: This is usually said when someone spills some of their drink.

Greek: Θα καλοπαντρευτείς!
Romanization: Tha kalopandreftís!
Meaning: “You will have a fortunate marriage!”
Additional Note: This is usually said to someone when pouring the last drops of wine from a bottle or carafe into his or her glass.

Greek: Καλή όρεξη!
Romanization: Kalí óreksi!
Meaning: “Enjoy your meal!” (Literally: Bon appétit!)

14. Conclusion

Interested in getting to know more useful Greek phrases? Join us at GreekPod101.com!

It’s important to know most wishes in Greek language learning, as they’re an integral part of the Greek language. Many people use them when both speaking and writing.

As demonstrated in this article, most of these phrases are closely related to various historical or cultural aspects of the Greek lifestyle. By learning them, you’re more likely to avoid any potential misunderstandings, and you’ll sound like a native Greek speaker.

At GreekPod101.com, we can help you learn the Greek language beyond the basics in an interesting, motivating, and fun way. Articles like this one, word lists, grammar tips, and even YouTube videos, are waiting for you to discover them!

It’s easy, too! Start your free lifetime account today.

In the meantime, reader, let us know which of these life event messages you plan on trying out first! Good wishes for a relative’s wedding? Telling your Greek friend happy birthday in Greek? Let us know in the comments!

Ever wondered about Greece weather (Athens, Greece or elsewhere)?

Are you planning on visiting Santorini and don’t know what to pack?

Do you want to engage in small-talk with your new Greek friends?

GreekPod101.com has all the answers you need.

Generally, the weather in Greece, even in December, is quite mild and it isn’t much colder than Greek weather in October. Indeed, in many islands such as Santorini, the weather is characterized by much warmth and sun all year long.

Talking about the weather in Greek is a must-know topic. From weather conditions to weather changes during the different seasons, this article will help you figure this all out.

Table of Contents

1. Vocabulary for Weather Conditions in Greek
2. Talking about Temperatures in Greece
3. Greek Phrases to Talk about the Weather in Different Seasons
4. How to Comment on the Weather in Greek
5. Popular Greek Sayings about the Weather and the Seasons
6. How GreekPod101 Can Help You Master Greek Conversation

1. Vocabulary for Weather Conditions in Greek

First things first, below you can find a list of basic, yet useful Greek weather-related words and phrases to practice with. Using these, you can make general statements about the Greece climate or weather.

• Greek: ήλιος
• Romanization: ílios
• Translation: “sun”
• Greek: λιακάδα
• Romanization: liakáda
• Translation: “sunny (weather)”

• Greek: σύννεφο (singular) / σύννεφα (plural)
• Romanization: sínefo / sínefa
• Translation: “cloud / clouds”
• Greek: βροχή
• Romanization: vrohí
• Translation: “rain” (noun)
• Greek: αέρας
• Romanization: aéras
• Translation: “wind”

• Greek: χιόνι
• Romanization: hióni
• Translation: “snow”
• Greek: χιονίζει
• Romanization: hionízi
• Translation: “it’s snowing”
• Greek: ψιλόβροχο
• Romanization: psilóvroho
• Translation: “drizzle rain”

• Greek: καταιγίδα
• Romanization: kateyída
• Translation: “storm”
• Greek: κεραυνός (singular) / κεραυνοί (plural)
• Romanization: keravnós / keravní
• Translation: “thunder” / “thunders”
• Greek: αστραπή (singular) / αστραπές (plural)
• Romanization: astrapí / astrapés
• Translation: “lightning” / “lightnings”
• Greek: βρέχει
• Romanization: vrehí
• Translation: “it’s raining”

• Greek: φυσάει
• Romanization: fisái
• Translation: “it’s windy”
• Greek: ψιχαλίζει
• Romanization: psihalízi
• Translation: “it’s drizzling”
• Greek: υγρασία
• Romanization: ígrasía
• Translation: “humidity”

2. Talking about Temperatures in Greece

Talking about the temperature is really easy in Greek. Here’s some basic vocabulary to get you started:

• Greek: κρύο
• Romanization: krío
• Translation: “cold (weather)”
• Greek: ζέστη
• Romanization: zésti
• Translation: “warm / hot (weather)”
• Greek: καύσωνας (singular) / καύσωνες (plural)
• Romanization: káfsonas / káfsones
• Translation: “heat wave” / “heat waves”

Now that you’ve learned the basics, let’s have a look at how to construct a full sentence about the current temperature.

• Greek: Σήμερα κάνει κρύο.
• Romanization: Símera káni krío.
• Translation: “Today, it’s cold.” (Literal Translation: Today, it does cold.)

• Greek: Σήμερα κάνει ζέστη.
• Romanization: Símera káni zésti.
• Translation: “Today, it’s warm / hot.” (Literal Translation: Today it does warm / hot.)

Alternatively, you might want to mention how cold or warm it is by giving the exact temperature. Here’s an example of how to do so:

• Greek: Σήμερα έχουμε [number] βαθμούς Κελσίου.
• Romanization: Símera éhume [number] vathmús Kelsíu.
• Translation: “Today, it’s [number] degrees Celsius.”

Of course, in order to say the temperature correctly, you might need to learn how to say the numbers in Greek.

3. Greek Phrases to Talk about the Weather in Different Seasons

Different seasons come with different weather conditions. Before we proceed to describing what the weather’s like in Greece, you might want to refresh yourself on how to say the different seasons in Greek:

• Greek: καλοκαίρι
• Romanization: kalokéri
• Translation: “summer”
• Greek: φθινόπωρο
• Romanization: fthinóporo
• Translation: “autumn”
• Greek: χειμώνας
• Romanization: himónas
• Translation: “winter”
• Greek: άνοιξη
• Romanization: ánixi
• Translation: “spring”

Greece is famous for its temperate climate, like most of the countries around the Mediterranean Sea. Ever wondered what the weather’s like in Greece during different seasons of the year? Here’s your answer:

• Greek: Στην Ελλάδα το καλοκαίρι έχουμε λιακάδα και κάνει πολλή ζέστη.
• Romanization: Stin Eláda to kalokéri éhume liakáda ke káni polí zésti.
• Translation: “In Greece, during the summer, it’s sunny and very hot.”
• Greek: Στην Ελλάδα το φθινόπωρο φυσάει και μερικές φορές βρέχει.
• Romanization: Stin Eláda to fthinóporo fisái ke merikés forés vréhi.
• Translation: “In Greece, during the autumn, it’s windy and sometimes it rains.”
• Greek: Στην Ελλάδα τον χειμώνα δεν κάνει πολύ κρύο.
• Romanization: Stin Eláda ton himóna den káni polí krío.
• Translation: “In Greece, during the winter, it’s not that cold.”
• Greek: Στην Ελλάδα την άνοιξη κάνει αρκετή ζέστη.
• Romanization: Stin Eláda tin ánixi káni arketí zésti.
• Translation: “In Greece, during the spring, it’s pretty warm.”

As noted earlier, Greek weather in winter isn’t that much colder than summer in Greece, just more mild and nice. 🙂

4. How to Comment on the Weather in Greek

Talking about the weather in Greek is a great conversation starter, and the best ice-breaker. While engaging in small-talk about the weather, the following ready-to-use examples will certainly come in handy.

• Greek: Τι καιρό θα κάνει αύριο;
• Romanization: Ti keró tha káni ávrio?
• Translation: “What’s the weather going to be like tomorrow?”
• Greek: Άκουσα ότι θα κάνει κρύο αύριο. Να ντυθείς καλά.
• Romanization: Ákusa óti tha káni krío ávrio. Na dithís kalá.
• Translation: “I heard it’s going to be cold tomorrow. Wear warm clothes.”
• Greek: Βρέχει καρεκλοπόδαρα.
• Romanization: Vréhi kareklopódara.
• Translation: “It’s raining cats and dogs.” (Literal Translation: It’s raining chair legs.)
• Greek: Πώς σου φαίνεται ο καιρός σήμερα;
• Romanization: Pós su fénete o kerós símera?
• Translation: “What do you think about the weather today?”

5. Popular Greek Sayings about the Weather and the Seasons

The different weather conditions have a huge impact on Greek culture. Interestingly, there are plenty of Greek sayings related to the weather. These weather expressions in Greek are often used as allegories during everyday conversations, and using them correctly will totally impress your new Greek friends!

• Greek: Στην αναβροχιά καλό είναι και το χαλάζι.
• Romanization: Stin anavrohiá, kaló íne ke to halázi.
• Translation: “When it hasn’t rained for a long time, it’s good to at least have some hail.”

As we’ve already mentioned, these phrases have a deeper meaning. Indeed, when saying στην αναβροχιά καλό είναι και το χαλάζι, it doesn’t actually mean that it hasn’t rained in quite some time. This phrase is often used when someone is expecting something to happen in the best way possible, but things turn out to be moderate.

For example, let’s say you’re starving and desperately want to eat some delicious pizza. Instead, your mother has prepared some baked beans, which is not your favorite. But you’re starving, remember? And you have to eat. In this case, go ahead and use this phrase!

• Greek: Όπου αστραπές και βροντές, περίμενε λίγες βροχές.
• Romanization: Ópu astrapés ke vrondés, perímene líyes vrohés.
• Translation: “Where there is lightning and thunder, expect little rain.”

This phrase intends to highlight that in some cases when you see or hear something that seems to indicate what will happen, things most likely won’t turn out the way you imagined.

For example, imagine hearing from a friend that he found the perfect job to apply for. It offers an awesome salary, few hours of work, and over fifty days of vacation per year. This seems too good to be true, right? Some good advice to this friend could be this phrase.

• Greek: Ο βρεγμένος τη βροχή δεν τη φοβάται.
• Romanization: O vregménos ti vrohí den ti fováte.
• Translation: “A wet man isn’t afraid of the rain.”

Standing in the rain isn’t always as romantic as it seems. When someone is already wet, a little more rain won’t make any difference.

So, when you’re already heartbroken and another person rejects you—it is sad, we know—but you can totally use this phrase to demonstrate that you’re used to it and stronger because of it.

• Greek: Μαθημένα τα βουνά στα χιόνια.
• Romanization: Mathiména ta vuná sta hiónia.
• Translation: “Mountains are used to snow.”

Snowing at the top of a mountain is normal. There hides the whole metaphorical meaning of this phrase.

For example, when a whole load of unfortunate events has already happened, and then another one happens, it’s perfectly suitable to use this phrase.

• Greek: Καθαρός ουρανός αστραπές δεν φοβάται.
• Romanization: Katharós uranós astrapés den fováte.
• Translation: “A clear sky is not afraid of lightning.”

Did you know you could hear a weather-related phrase in the court of justice? Well, this is the best example, since it aims to highlight that if you’re innocent and your conscience is clean—like a clear sky—you’re not afraid of anything, even lightning!

6. How GreekPod101 Can Help You Master Greek Conversation

Feeling overwhelmed? We know, all of this information might seem a bit too much. Understanding, reading, and writing about the weather in Greek might seem hard for a novice learner. However, if you break it down to the basics, then you can really master this chapter.

For more practice on learning the weather conditions in Greek, we suggest listening to a Greek weather forecast, reading through a real-life Greek dialogue on the weather, or studying the Top 15 Weather Conditions in Greek.

GreekPod101.com offers you high-quality, practical knowledge about the Greek language.

At GreekPod101.com, we aim to provide you with everything you need to know about the Greek language in a fun and interesting way. Stay tuned for more articles like this one, word lists, grammar tips, and even YouTube videos, which are waiting for you to discover them!

In the meantime, do let us know if weather talk and the seasons in your own country are similar (or different) than in Greece. We’re curious. 😉

Adjectives are essential to every Greek learner, since they can describe the features and attributes of everything around us. In this blog post, GreekPod101.com aims to present you with a full list of all the basic adjectives you can use, in order to accurately describe all the objects or people that surround you.

When it comes to adjectives in Greek grammar, there are many suffixes that Greek adjectives may have depending on the gender of the noun they define. Usually, the Greek adjectives’ endings are:

• -ς or -ων if they are masculine
• -η / -α / -ού if they are feminine
• -ο / -ί / -ύ / -ες / -ον if they are neuter

This is a generic rule for how to conjugate Greek adjectives, although there can be some exceptions. For example, adjectives that are common for the masculine and feminine gender, such as the ones ending in -ης or -ων.

From a syntax perspective (Greek adjective placement), adjectives in Greek are usually placed before the noun they describe, like in English. They can also follow the noun in some cases. However, that’s less common, and they need to be preceded by the definite article in such cases.

Now that we have the basics out of the way, we can start to learn Greek adjectives and move on to our modern Greek adjectives list!

Table of Contents

1. Describing Dimensions, Sizes, Weight & Distance
2. Describing Value
3. Describing Feeling & Sense
4. Describing Personality Traits & Human Behavior
5. Describing Speed, Difficulty & Importance
6. Describing Colors
7. Describing Shapes & Textures
8. Describing the Weather
9. Describing Taste
10. Describing a Situation
11. Describing a Physical Trait or a Physical Condition
12. Describing Appearance or Condition
13. Conclusion

1. Describing Dimensions, Sizes, Weight & Distance

Let’s start with the most common Greek adjectives: those that describe things like dimensions and distance!

• μεγάλος (megálos) – “big”
• μικρός (mikrós) – “small”

Example:
Greek: Αυτό είναι ένα μεγάλο / μικρό κουτί.
Romanization: Aftó íne éna megálo / mikró kutí.
Meaning: “This is a big / small box.”

• φαρδύς (fardís) – “wide”
• στενός (stenós) – “narrow”

Example:
Greek: Ο δρόμος είναι φαρδύς / στενός.
Romanization: O drómos íne fardís / stenós.
Meaning: “The road is wide / narrow.”

• ψηλός (psilós) – “tall”
• κοντός (kondós) – “short”

Example:
Greek: Αυτό είναι ένα ψηλό / κοντό δέντρο.
Romanization: Aftó íne éna psiló / kondó dédro.
Meaning: “This is a tall / short tree.”

• βαρύς (varís) – “heavy”
• ελαφρύς (elafrís) – “light”

Example:
Greek: Η καρέκλα είναι βαριά / ελαφριά.
Romanization: I karékla íne variá / elafriá.
Meaning: “The chair is heavy / light.”

• κοντινός (kondinós) – “close”
• μακρινός (makrinós) – “far”

Example:
Greek: Η Ελλάδα είναι ένας κοντινός / μακρινός προορισμός.
Romanization: I Eláda íne énas kondinós / makrinós proorizmós.
Meaning: “Greece is a close / far away destination.”

2. Describing Value

• καλός (kalós) – “good”
• κακός (kakós) – “bad”
• εξαιρετικός (exeretikós) – “exceptional”
• απαίσιος (apésios) – “awful”
• μέτριος (métrios) – “mediocre”

Example:
Greek: Αυτό το εστιατόριο είναι καλό / κακό / εξαιρετικό / απαίσιο / μέτριο.
Romanization: Aftó to estiatório íne kaló / kakó / ekseretikó / apésio / métrio.
Meaning: “This restaurant is good / bad / exceptional / awful / mediocre.”

3. Describing Feeling & Sense

• κρύος (kríos) – “cold”
• ζεστός (zestós) – “warm”
• καυτός (kaftós) – “hot”
• παγωμένος (pagoménos) – “frozen”

Example:
Greek: Ο καφές μου είναι κρύος / ζεστός / καυτός / παγωμένος.
Romanization: O kafés mu íne kríos / zestós / kaftós / pagoménos.
Meaning: “My coffee is cold / warm / hot / frozen.”

• μαλακός (malakós) – “soft”
• σκληρός (sklirós) – “hard”

Example:
Greek: Το ψωμί είναι μαλακό / σκληρό.
Romanization: To psomí íne malakó / skliró.
Meaning: “The bread is soft / hard.”

• ανώδυνος (anódinos) – “painless”
• επώδυνος (epódinos) – “painful”

Example:
Greek: Αυτή η επέμβαση είναι ανώδυνη / επώδυνη.
Romanization: Aftí i epémvasi íne anódini / epódini.
Meaning: “This procedure is painful / painless.”

4. Describing Personality Traits & Human Behavior

Positive Traits

• καλός (kalós) – “good”
• ευγενικός (evyenikós) – “kind”
• φιλικός (filikós) – “friendly”
• χαρούμενος (harúmenos) – “happy”
• αστείος (astíos) – “funny”

Example:
Greek: Η γυναίκα του είναι καλή / ευγενική / φιλική / χαρούμενη / αστεία.
Romanization: Ι ginéka tu íne kalí / evyenikí / filikí / harúmeni / astía.
Meaning: “His wife is good / kind / friendly / happy / funny.”

Negative Traits

• κακός (kakós) – “bad”
• θυμωμένος (thimoménos) – “angry”
• αγενής (ayenís) – “rude”
• μοναχικός (monahikós) – “lonely”
• οξύθυμος (oxíthimos) – “irritable”

Example:
Greek: Ο αδερφός της είναι κακός / θυμωμένος / αγενής / μοναχικός / οξύθυμος.
Romanization: O aderfós tis íne kakós / thimoménos / ayenís / monahikós / oxíthimos.
Meaning: “Her brother is bad / angry / rude / lonely / irritable.”

5. Describing Speed, Difficulty & Importance

• γρήγορος (grígoros) – “fast”
• αργός (argós) – “slow”

Example:
Greek: Το καινούριο του αυτοκίνητο είναι γρήγορο / αργό.
Romanization: To kenúrio tu aftokínito íne grígoro / argó.
Meaning: “His new car is fast / slow.”

• εύκολος (éfkolos) – “easy”
• δύσκολος (dískolos) – “difficult”
• σημαντικός (simandikós) – “important”
• ασήμαντος (asímandos) – “unimportant”
• ακατόρθωτος (akatórthotos) – “impossible”

Example:
Greek: Η εργασία ήταν εύκολη / δύσκολη / σημαντική / ασήμαντη / ακατόρθωτη.
Romanization: I ergasía ítan éfkoli / dískoli / simandikí / asímandi / akatórthoti.
Meaning: “The assignment was easy / difficult / important / unimportant / impossible.”

6. Describing Colors

• κόκκινο (kókino) – “red”
• μπλε (ble) – “blue”
• πράσινο (prásino) – “green”
• κίτρινο (kítrino) – “yellow”
• καφέ (kafé) – “brown”
• μαύρο (mávro) – “black”
• άσπρο (áspro) – “white”
• πορτοκαλί (portokalí) – “orange”
• ροζ (roz) – “pink”
• γκρι (gri) – “gray”
• μωβ (mov) – “purple”
• ασημί (asimí) – “silver”
• χρυσό (hrisó) – “golden”

The adjectives below are either used independently or in combination with one of the colors above.

• σκούρο (skúro) – “dark”
• ανοιχτό (anihtó) – “light”
• έντονο (éndono) – “vivid”

Example:
Greek: Το τριαντάφυλλο είναι σκούρο κόκκινο και τα φύλλα του είναι έντονο πράσινο.
Romanization: To triandáfilo íne skúro kókino ke ta fíla tu íne éndono prásino.
Meaning: “The rose is dark red and its leaves are vivid green.”

7. Describing Shapes & Textures

• κυκλικό (kiklikó) – “round”
• κυλινδρικό (kilindrikó) – “cylindrical”
• τετραγωνισμένο (tetragonizméno) – “square”
• κοφτερό (kofteró) – “edgy” / “sharp”
• τραχύς (trahís) – “rough”

Example:
Greek: Το τραπέζι στην αυλή είναι κυκλικό / κυλινδρικό / τετραγωνισμένο / κοφτερό / τραχύ.
Romanization: To trapézi stin avlí íne kiklikó / kilindrikó / tetragonizméno / kofteró / trahí.
Meaning: “The table in the yard is round / cylindrical / square / edgy / rough.”

8. Describing the Weather

• ηλιόλουστος (iliólustos) – “sunny”
• βροχερός (vroherós) – “rainy”
• συννεφιασμένος (sinefiazménos) – “cloudy”
• ζεστός (zestós) – “warm”
• κρύος (kríos) – “cold”
• άστατος (ástatos) – “fickle”
• ήπιος (ípios) – “mild”

Example:
Greek: Ο καιρός σήμερα είναι ηλιόλουστος / βροχερός / συννεφιασμένος / ζεστός / κρύος / άστατος / ήπιος.
Romanization: O kerós símera íne iliólustos / vroherós / sinefiazménos / zestós / kríos / ástatos / ípios.
Meaning: “The weather today is sunny / rainy / cloudy / warm / cold / fickle / mild.”

The weather in Greece is typically temperate, with warm to hot summers and mild winters. Talking about the weather is a great conversation starter. You can learn every little detail about describing the weather in Greek in our relevant blog post.

9. Describing Taste

• γλυκό (glikó) – “sweet”
• αλμυρό (almiró) – “salty”
• ξινό (xinó) – “sour”
• πικρό (pikró) – “bitter”
• καυτερό (kafteró) – “spicy”
• νόστιμο (nóstimo) – “tasty”
• τραγανό (traganó) – “crispy”
• ανάλατο (análato) – “unsalted”

Example:
Greek: Το φαγητό είναι γλυκό / αλμυρό / ξινό / πικρό / καυτερό / νόστιμο / τραγανό / ανάλατο.
Romanization: To fayitó íne glikó / almiró / ksinó / pikró / kafteró / nóstimo / traganó / análato.
Meaning: “The food is sweet / salty / sour / bitter / spicy / tasty / crispy / unsalted.”

10. Describing a Situation

• επικίνδυνο (epikíndino) – “dangerous”
• ακίνδυνο (akíndino) – “safe” / “harmless”
• βαρετό (varetó) – “boring”
• διασκεδαστικό (diaskedastikó) – “fun” / “entertaining”
• ασφαλές (asfalés) – “safe”

Example:
Greek: Αυτό το ταξίδι είναι επικίνδυνο / ακίνδυνο / βαρετό / διασκεδαστικό / ασφαλές.
Romanization: Aftó to taxídi íne epikíndino / akíndino / varetó / diaskedastikó / asfalés.
Meaning: “This trip is dangerous / safe / boring / fun / safe.”

11. Describing a Physical Trait or a Physical Condition

• νέος (néos) – “new” / “young” for people
• ηλικιωμένος (ilikioménos) – “old” for people

Example:
Greek: Ο εγγονός είναι νέος, ενώ ο παππούς είναι ηλικιωμένος.
Romanization: O engonós íne néos, enó o papús íne ilikioménos.
Meaning: “The grandchild is young, while the grandfather is old.”

• καινούργιος (kenúrios) – “new” for objects
• παλιός (paliós) – “old” for objects

Example:
Greek: Αυτό το βιβλίο είναι καινούργιο / παλιό.
Romanization: Aftó to vivlío íne kenúrio / palió.
Meaning: “This book is new / old.”

• γέρικος (gérikos) – “old” for animals

Example:
Greek: Το άλογο ήταν γέρικο και περπατούσε με δυσκολία.
Romanization: To álogo ítan yériko ke perpatúse me diskolía.
Meaning: “The horse was old and could barely walk.”

• δυνατός (dinatós) – “strong”
• αδύναμος (adínamos) – “weak”

Example:
Greek: Ο φίλος μου είναι πολύ δυνατός / αδύναμος.
Romanization: O fílos mu íne polí dinatós / adínamos.
Meaning: “My friend is very strong / weak.”

• υγιής (iyiís) – “healthy”
• άρρωστος (árostos) – “sick”

Example:
Greek: Ο σκύλος μου είναι υγιής / άρρωστος.
Romanization: O skílos mu íne iyiís / árrostos.
Meaning: “My dog is healthy / sick.”

12. Describing Appearance or Condition

• όμορφος (ómorfos) – “handsome”
• γοητευτικός (goiteftikós) – “charming”
• χαριτωμένος (haritoménos) – “pretty” / “cute”
• χοντρός (hondrós) – “fat”
• αδύνατος (adínatos) – “slim” / “thin”
• φτωχός (ftohós) – “poor”
• πλούσιος (plúsios) – “rich”
• γυμνασμένος (gimnazménos) – “trained”
• αγύμναστος (ayímnastos) – “untrained”
• μυώδης (miódis) – “muscular”

Example:
Greek: Ο σύντροφός της είναι όμορφος / γοητευτικός / χαριτωμένος / χοντρός / αδύνατος / φτωχός / πλούσιος / γυμνασμένος / αγύμναστος / μυώδης.
Romanization: O síntrofos tis íne ómorfos goiteftikós / haritoménos / hondrós / adínatos / ftohós / plúsios / gimnazménos / agímnastos / miódis.
Meaning: “Her boyfriend is handsome / charming / cute / fat / thin / poor / rich / trained / untrained / muscular.”

13. Conclusion

Learning how to describe features, attributes, and personality traits is essential when learning a new language. Definitely, Greek grammar complicates things, since adjectives are adjusted according to the gender, number, and case of the noun they refer to. However, the general rule demonstrated at the beginning of this article will help you tell the gender of an adjective most of the time.

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At GreekPod101.com, we aim to provide you with everything you need to know about the Greek language in a fun and interesting way. Stay tuned for more articles like this one, word lists, grammar tips, and even YouTube videos, which are waiting for you to discover them!

You can also upgrade to Premium Plus and take advantage of our MyTeacher program to learn Greek with your own personal teacher, who will answer any questions you might have!

In the meantime, can you think of another adjective not included in this list? Let us know in the comments and we’ll surely inform you about its Greek equivalent!

Apokries, the term for Carnival season in Greece, is a major celebration throughout the country, and one of the most colorful. With roots in both paganism and Christianity, traditions can look quite different from one region to the next!

In this article, you’ll learn all about the Greek Carnival, from its origins to modern-day celebrations around Greece. Are you ready? Let’s get started!

1. What is Carnival?

Carnival in Greece is a period of merrymaking, entertainment, and masquerade. The atmosphere is cheerful, with many costume parties, lots of teasing, and carnivals that take place in various regions of Greece. The period of Carnival in Greek culture is also the official opening of the Triodion period, a period which is intended to prepare us for the welcoming of Easter and the Resurrection of Jesus Christ with fasting, prayer, and repentance.

The three weeks of Carnival are called Profoní (Announcement Week), Κreatiní (Meat Week), and Tyriní (Cheese Week), which is also called Tyrofágou (Cheese-eating Week). The Κreatiní week ends with Apókreo Sunday (No-meat Sunday) because from the following day, we abstain from eating meat. During the week of Tyrofágou, we eat dairy products as an intermediate step between eating meat and the fasting that will follow in the next period, the Lent.

Carnival, however, is also associated with ancient pagan events, especially with the worshipping of the god Dionysus, who would be reborn to bring spring.

→ Since you’re here, why not study up on vocabulary for Fat Thursday and Clean Monday?

2. When is the Greek Carnival Season?

Greek Carnival (Apokries) lasts for three weeks and is celebrated seventy days before Easter, during February or March. For your convenience, here’s a list of this holiday’s start and end dates for the next ten years.

3. Carnival Traditions in Greece

For Carnival in Greece, traditions of the province show those deeper pagan roots with animal-like disguises—mainly reminiscent of billy goats—and large bells that expel the evil with deafening noises. One well-known custom is that of the Γενίτσαροι και Μπούλες (Yenítsari ke Búles), or “Janissaries and Boules,” of Naousa, who wander around the streets dancing with specific steps and wearing peculiar masks called prósopi (“faces”). In these Greek Carnival costumes, the Boules are men dressed as women, while the Janissaries wear fustanella skirts.

Carnivals are organized in large cities, the most famous one being that of Patras. Other well-known carnivals are those of Xanthi and of Moschato, in Athens. The Patras Carnival includes events such as dances, parades, a treasure hunt, a children’s carnival, and more. It culminates on the last weekend of Carnival with the evening parade of floats and their crews, and with the ritual burning of the Βασιλιάς καρνάβαλος (vasiliás karnávalos), or “Carnival King,” on St. Nicholas Pier in the harbor. The costumes of the participants and the floats are highly imaginative and occasionally Σατιρικός (satirikós), or “satirical.”

Generally, during Carnival, people roam the streets in costumes throwing streamers, confetti, and teasing each other. In the area of Plaka in Athens, however, if you see youngsters with plastic clubs, beware! They will club you hard!

4. What’s in a Name?

Do you know what the word “carnival” exactly means and where it comes from?

The word “carnival” comes from the Latin “carne levare,” which, like the Greek word apo-kriá, refers to abstinence from meat. Some experts, however, believe that it came from the also Latin “carrus navalis,” which means “nautical carriage.” The former view supports the Christian origin of the term while the latter a more pagan origin.

→ To learn some useful religion-related Greek vocabulary, check out our Religion vocabulary list!

5. Must-Know Vocab for Carnival in Greece

Ready to review some of the vocabulary words from this lesson? Here’s a list of the most important Greek vocabulary for Carnival season!

• Κομφετί (komfetí) — “confetti”
• Κουστούμι (kustúmi) — “costume”
• Απόκριες (apókries) — “carnival”
• Μασκάρεμα (maskárema) — “masquerade”
• Πάρτι μασκέ (párti maské) — “costume party”
• Μεταμφίεση (metamfíesi) — “disguise”
• Βασιλιάς καρνάβαλος (vasiliás karnávalos) — “Carnival King”
• Σερπαντίνα (serpandína) — “streamer”
• Ρόπαλο (rópalo) — “club”
• Καρναβάλι (karnaváli) — “Carnival”
• Νηστεία (nistía) — “fast”
• Χαρτοπόλεμος (hartopólemos) — “confetti”
• Αποκριάτικος (apokriátikos) — “of or related to Carnival”
• Κυριακή του Τελώνου και Φαρισαίου (Kiriakí tu Telónu ke Fariséu) — “Sunday of the Publican and Pharisee”
• Κυριακή του Ασώτου (Kiriakí tu Asótu) — “Sunday of the Prodigal Son”
• Κυριακή της Απόκρεω (Kiriakí tis Apókreo) — “Meatfare Sunday”
• Κυριακή της Τυροφάγου (Kiriakí tis Tirofágu) — “Cheesefare Sunday”
• Γενίτσαροι και Μπούλες (Yenítsari ke Búles) — “Janissaries and Boules”
• Κουδούνι ζώου (kudúni zóu) — “animal bell”
• Ο Γέρος και η Κορέλα (O Yéros ke i Koréla) — “Yeros and Korela”
• Μάσκα (máska) — “mask”
• Μακιγιάζ (makiyáz) — “makeup”
• Σατιρικός (satirikós) — “satirical”
• Γαλακτοκομικό προϊόν (galaktokomikó proión) — “dairy product”

To hear the pronunciation of each word, and to read them alongside relevant images, be sure to visit our Greek Carnival vocabulary list!

Final Thoughts

We hope you enjoyed learning about the Carnival season in Greece with us. What are your thoughts on this holiday? Do you celebrate Carnival in your country? We look forward to hearing from you!

If you’re interested in learning more about Greek culture and holidays, you can visit the following pages on GreekPod101.com:

• Pop and Traditional Culture in Greece
• Top 5 Things You Need to Know About Greek Society
• Greek Etiquette, Manners, and Customs
• What’s Your Favorite Greek Food?
• Dormition of the Mother of God Traditions in Greece

Whatever your reasons for developing an interest in Greek culture or the language, know that GreekPod101.com is the best way to expand your knowledge and improve your skills. With tons of fun and effective lessons for learners at every level, there’s something for everyone!

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Netflix has been a huge hit over the past few years, offering a wide range of movies and TV shows. In this blog post, we’ll present you with some Greek mythology and Greek culture-related movies and TV series, which you can watch on Netflix.

Watching Greek-related movies and TV series can enhance your knowledge of Greek culture, which is really important when seeking to master the language. Getting in touch with the ancient Greek religion and the modern culture will definitely help you digest the Greek language more easily.

Unfortunately, there aren’t many of them available on Netflix, but with its rapid expansion, new content is added all the time.

So, let’s have a look at the Greek-related movies and TV series that are available on Netflix! Consider this our Greek Netflix guide!

Table of Contents

1. Troy (2004)
2. Troy: Fall of a City ( TV series 2018 )
3. Clash of the Titans (2010)
4. Spartacus (2010-2013)
5. Hercules (1997)
6. Πρόμαχος (Prómahos) (2014)
7. Greek Mythology Facts
8. Conclusion

1. Troy (2004)

Troy is a famous 2004 movie, which can also be found on Netflix under its Greek name Τροία (Tría).

This is an epic period film based on Homer’s masterpiece, Iliad, and is one of the most popular Greek Netflix movies. Its cast is superb, with Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, and Orlando Bloom starring in this adventure.

The film focuses on the invasion of the Greek United Forces in the city of Troy, due to the taking of Helen, who was the wife of Menelaos—the king of Mycenaean Sparta.

One of the characteristic quotes from this movie is presented below.

Hector: “All my life I’ve lived by a code and the code is simple: honor the gods, love your woman, and defend your country. Troy is mother to us all. Fight for her!”

2. Troy: Fall of a City ( TV series, 2018 )

If you feel like digging into the story of the mythical Trojan War a little bit more, this series might be exactly what you’re looking for.

You can also find it under its Greek name: Τροία: Η πτώση μιας πόλης (Tría: I ptósi mias pólis).

This TV series is based on the same story as the movie Troy (2004), but is far more detailed. When it comes to Greek history, Netflix shows like this one are great material.

3. Clash of the Titans (2010)

Want to learn about Greek mythology on Netflix? This movie is all about Greek mythology, as Titans were worshipped as part of the ancient Greek religion.

The plot wraps around Perseus, a demigod who is a son of Zeus, and his battle against the minions of the underworld. He aims to stop them from conquering the Heaven and Earth.

The casting of this Greek mythology Netflix film is highly respectable as it consists of Sam Worthington, Liam Neeson, and Ralph Fiennes.

One of the most iconic quotes of this movie is the moment when Zeus screams: “Release the Kraken!”

4. Spartacus (2010-2013)

Spartacus, or Σπάρτακος (Spártakos) in Greek, is one of the most popular TV series of its genre. However, it’s not genuinely Greek, as it takes place in the ancient Roman Empire.

You’re probably wondering what its connection is with Greek culture. First and foremost, Greece at some point became part of the Roman Empire and the Romans left a significant impact on ancient Greek culture. Secondly, this is the story of a Greek gladiator from the Thrace region, who lead a rebellion against the Romans.

One of the most characteristic dialogue lines of the series is presented below:

Spartacus: “Is this my destiny? Blood and death?”
Sura: “You have always been destined for unfortunate things.”

5. Hercules (1997)

Who hasn’t watched the all-time classic Hercules?

This is one of the most popular Disney animation movies of the 90s, and it focuses on the ancient Greek myth of Hercules.

According to the myth, Hercules was a demigod, a son of Zeus. This joyful animated movie wraps around Hercules’ adventures and his constant battle against Hades, who wants to destroy Hercules and all the Olympian Gods.

The main story of this movie is represented by this quote:

Zeus: “For a true hero isn’t measured by the size of his strength, but by the strength of his heart.”

6. Πρόμαχος (Prómahos) (2014)

This Greek drama Netflix movie focuses on the struggle of two Greek attorneys, who pursue the return of the Parthenon Marbles, also known as the Elgin Marbles, from England.

Interestingly, the name of the movie Πρόμαχος (Prómahos), refers to a bronze statue of Athena Promachos, which used to guard the entrance of Parthenon. This is presented as an allegory for the persistence of the two attorneys, who try to guard the Greek culture by returning the Marbles to their home.

7. Greek Mythology Facts

Most of the Netflix Greek mythology movies include the main Greek mythological characters, widely known as the Twelve Olympian Gods. In order to understand these movies even better, let’s take a look at a short presentation of each Greek mythology god, below.

• Δίας (Días) — Zeus
  Zeus is the king of the gods, husband and brother to Hera, and famous for his love affairs. He’s the child of the titans Cronus and Rhea. His symbol is the thunderbolt, and he’s considered to be the most powerful god amongst the Olympians.
• Ήρα (Íra) — Hera
  Hera is the wife of Zeus and therefore the queen of the Olympian Gods. She’s the goddess of marriage and protector of the family. As mentioned above, she is not only the wife of Zeus, but also his sister. Due to the erratic love life of Zeus, Hera is often presented as jealous and vengeful.
• Ποσειδώνας (Posidónas) — Poseidon
  Poseidon is the brother of Zeus and Hera and protector of the seas. His symbol is often the trident, whereas he is often also considered responsible for any natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods.
• Δήμητρα (Dímitra) — Demeter
  Demeter is the goddess of agriculture, harvest, and fertility. She is a sister and a lover of Zeus and Poseidon. Her symbol is often the poppy or the wheat.
• Αθηνά (Athiná) — Athena
  Athena is a daughter of Zeus, and as the myth describes, she emerged from her father’s head. She is the goddess of wisdom and knowledge, and is always wearing full battle armor.
• Απόλλωνας (Apólonas) — Apollo
  Apollo is a son of Zeus and the twin brother of Artemis. He is the god of light, inspiration, and the arts. His symbol is the sun.
• Άρτεμις (Ártemis) — Artemis
  Artemis is the twin sister of Apollo and the goddess of the hunt. Her symbol is often a deer or an arch.
• Άρης (Áris) — Ares
  Ares is a legitimate child of Zeus and Hera. He is the god of war and violence. His symbol is often a boar or a spear.
• Αφροδίτη (Aphrodíti) — Aphrodite
  Aphrodite is also a child of Zeus and is a famous goddess of love and beauty. She is married to Hephaestus, though she also had numerous love affairs. In addition, her presence is strong among Roman gods, as she is referred to as Venus.
• Ήφαιστος (Ífestos) — Hephaestus
  Hephaestus is the favorite son of Hera and is widely known as the god of craftsmanship. He is the master blacksmith of the gods, after all.
• Ερμής (Ermís) — Hermes
  Hermes is another son of Zeus, with the nymph Maia. He is the messenger of the gods and is always wearing his winged sandals, which allow him to fly. He is the god of travel, commerce, and communications.
• Διόνυσος (Diónisos) — Dionysus
  Dionysus is a son of Zeus with Semele. He is the god of wine, festivity, and theatre. In ancient Greece, many festivals were organized in his name.

8. Conclusion

They say that you can’t completely understand a language until you get to learn about the culture behind it. By watching movies related to Greek mythology and history, you can achieve exactly that!

Movies allow you to see how people live in Greece now, as well as in the past. Indeed, this might be the most magical part of learning—understanding a new way of life, including customs and cultural characteristics. When it comes to many aspects of Greek life, Netflix movies like the ones above can be a useful learning tool!

Take a step closer to your language-learning goals today.

GreekPod101.com is here to help!

Take a look at our Greek Movies blog post, as well as our Greek TV Shows article, and take a step further toward mastering Greek in a fun and entertaining way.

At GreekPod101.com, we aim to provide you with everything you need to know about the Greek language in a fun and interesting way. Stay tuned for more articles like this one, word lists, grammar tips, and even YouTube videos, which are waiting for you to discover them!

Are you a fan of Greek mythology Netflix movies? If you’ve watched any of the aforementioned movies, we’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments section below. 😉

Simply copying foreign cultures can often lead to various misunderstandings. Indeed, we could say that Greek culture shows a few special customs and specific etiquette rules you should keep in mind. However, only a few examples are unique to the Greek culture, as manners in Greece are highly influenced by the most common European etiquette.

In this blog post, we’ll explore proper manners in a wide variety of situations in Greece. So, are you ready? Let’s begin!

Here are the most important Do’s and Don’ts when it comes to Greek etiquette, and other Greek etiquette tips!

Table of Contents

1. Greek Dining Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts While Dining
2. Greek Etiquette for Tourists: Do’s and Don’ts While Sightseeing
3. Greek Meeting Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts When Greeting
4. Do’s and Don’ts While Visiting a House
5. Business Etiquette in Greece: Do’s and Don’ts in a Business Environment
6. Greek Wedding Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts for Weddings
7. Do’s and Don’ts for Gestures
8. Do’s and Don’ts While Shopping
9. Conclusion: How GreekPod101.com Can Help You Learn More Greek

1. Greek Dining Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts While Dining

In Greece, at almost every corner, you’ll find something delicious to eat. Whether you prefer fast food or local traditional food, you’ll be thrilled as Greece is a paradise for foodies. So, when it comes to dining, you’ll have a wide variety of choices, and some of them might be a bit more formal.

Wondering how you should act while dining in Greece?

Let’s take a look at the following rules and tips for Greek etiquette at restaurants.

✓ Do Tip the Waiters

Unlike many countries, in Greece, the tip isn’t included in the check. So, it’s considered normal Greek restaurant etiquette—but not mandatory—to tip the waiters by leaving approximately five to eight percent of the total price of the bill.
Here’s a useful phrase you can use when you want to tip the waiter:

Greek: Κρατήστε τα ρέστα.
Romanization: Kratíste ta résta.
Meaning: “Keep the change.”

✘ Don’t Choose Touristy Places

Restaurants and local tavernas can be found in almost every corner. Avoid restaurants located next to major attractions and search for places where the locals gather. Touristic places usually offer mainstream menu items, such as gyros on a plate, moussaka, or Greek salad, and tend to be quite pricey. Search for hidden gems and enjoy the Greek cuisine at its best. Don’t be afraid to ask for the locals’ insight and suggestions by using the following phrase:

Greek: Μπορείτε να μου προτείνετε κάποιο εστιατόριο ή ταβέρνα όπου θα τρώγατε εσείς;
Romanization: Boríte na mu protínete kápio estiatório i tavérna ópu tha trógate esís?
Meaning: “Could you recommend a restaurant or a taverna where you would eat?”

2. Greek Etiquette for Tourists: Do’s and Don’ts While Sightseeing

Greece is full of popular attractions and can offer truly wonderful experiences. Here are some tips you should keep in mind to live your vacations to the fullest and without any problems.

✓ Do Wear Casual Clothes

Some of the most popular attractions are Greek Orthodox churches and monasteries. Most of them can be visited, and they can be truly beautiful. Some of them are located in amazing forests, while others are constructed on extremely high mountain-like rocks, such as those in Meteora.

Wearing casual clothes is generally recommended while traveling. However, when it comes to visiting churches and monasteries, women should be extra careful about what they wear. Some isolated monasteries even require wearing a long skirt. Therefore, generally, when it comes to Greek social etiquette for these places, modest clothing is advised. In these cases, some monasteries offer a skirt, which can be worn above the trousers, like an apron. You can ask for one by using the following phrase:

Greek: Υπάρχει κάτι που θα μπορούσα να φορέσω πάνω από το παντελόνι;
Romanization: Ipárhi káti pu tha borúsa na foréso páno apó to pandelóni?
Meaning: “Is there anything (available) that I could wear over my trousers?”

3. Greek Meeting Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts When Greeting

Greeting manners tend to differentiate from one country to another. Lucky for you, we’ve published a quite detailed Greeting Guide, as well as a dedicated article on How to Introduce Yourself, including all the info you can use in a wide variety of situations. Nevertheless, in this section, we’ll focus on the most common etiquette.

✓ Do Give a Handshake When Meeting Someone

Greeting through a handshake is a safe option in both formal and informal occasions. You can simply extend your hand and introduce yourself by stating your first name for informal situations, or your full name in a formal setting. Here’s an example phrase you can use when greeting people in Greece:

Informal
Greek: Γεια, είμαι ο Γιώργος.
Romanization: Ya, íme o Yórgos.
Meaning: “Hi, I am George.”

Formal
Greek: Γεια σας, είμαι ο Γιώργος Παπαδόπουλος.
Romanization: Ya sas, íme o Yórgos Papadópulos.
Meaning: “Hello, I am George Papadopoulos.”

4. Do’s and Don’ts While Visiting a House

✓ Do Bring a Present

When visiting a house in Greece, it’s not a good idea to show up empty-handed. In Greek culture, it’s appropriate that you bring a small present. This present can be a bottle of wine, or, most commonly, some sweets from a patisserie. You don’t have to overthink this though; keeping it simple is the safest choice, and it will be highly appreciated by the hosts. When offering the present, you can use the phrase below:

Greek: Αυτό είναι για εσάς/εσένα.
Romanization: Aftó íne ya esás/eséna.
Meaning: “Τhis is for you.” (formal/informal)

5. Business Etiquette in Greece: Do’s and Don’ts in a Business Environment

✓ Do Arrive on Time

This is one of the most important Greek business etiquette tips. While most Greeks tend to be ten or fifteen minutes late, being on time is becoming more and more appreciated. On the other hand, if you find yourself in an awkward situation where you’ll need to apologize for being late, you can always use the simple phrase presented below.

Greek: Συγγνώμη που άργησα.
Romanization: Signómi pu áryisa.
Meaning: “I am sorry for being late.”

Once you’ve arrived, perhaps some of the following business phrases will come in handy.

6. Greek Wedding Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts for Weddings

Weddings in Greece are truly a big party. Here are some details you need to be aware of when attending a Greek wedding.

✓ Do Bring a Present

Bring a gift for the newlyweds. According to Greek wedding gift etiquette, many couples use a wedding gift list; they choose various items from a specific store, and you can choose any of those items. If you’re not into choosing your gift, you can alternatively offer an envelope with some money in it and a special card. An appropriate wish you can write in the accompanying card is demonstrated below.

Greek: Να ζήσετε! Βίον ανθόσπαρτον και καλούς απογόνους!
Romanization: Na zísete! Víon anthósparton ke kalús apogónus.
Meaning: “Live long! May your life be a road paved with roses and may you have good offspring!”

✘ Don’t Wear White

This is mostly for women. Wearing white at a wedding should be avoided, since the bride is usually wearing white. In some conservative Greek weddings, this could be perceived as an insult to the bride, and you’d better not risk it.

7. Do’s and Don’ts for Gestures

Much of etiquette in Greece, and the rest of the world, has to do with gestures and body language. Worrying about gestures and their meaning in Greek? You don’t need to worry anymore, as we’ve got you covered with our super-analytic Greek Gestures Guide. However, in this section, we’ll refer to the most important things to keep in mind.

✘ Don’t Nod to Indicate Yes or No

Nodding and shaking your head for “yes” or “no” is unlikely to be understood. Greeks use a slight forward inclination of the head for “yes,” and a more vigorous backward nod for “no.” Therefore, in case you need to accept or decline a proposal, you’d better say one of the following phrases, instead of nodding or shaking your head.

Greek: Ναι, ευχαριστώ.
Romanization: Ne, efharistó.
Meaning: “Yes, thank you.”

Greek: Όχι, ευχαριστώ.
Romanization: Óhi, efharistó.
Meaning: “No, thank you.”

8. Do’s and Don’ts While Shopping

✘ Don’t Negotiate Prices in Shops

In all of the shops, prices are fixed, so there’s no room for negotiation. Sometimes, it’s even considered rude to negotiate the price of a product or a service. Chances are that even if you try to negotiate, the employee will kindly refuse and explain that the prices are fixed.

In some rare cases—for example, when booking a hotel room for a long period of time, or when buying many items in souvenir stores in touristy areas—there might be some room for negotiation. You can use the following phrase to ask if this is possible.

Greek: Θα μπορούσατε να κάνετε καλύτερη τιμή;
Romanization: Tha borúsate na kánete kalíteri timí?
Meaning: “Is it possible to reduce the price?” (Literally: “Is it possible for you to do a better price?” when translated.)

9. Conclusion: How GreekPod101.com Can Help You Learn More Greek

If you’ve reached the conclusion, then you probably have a global view when it comes to Greek etiquette, manners, and customs. Are there similar etiquette rules in your own country? Let us know!

Greeks are polite and easygoing at the same time. Chances are that whatever you do or say, no Greek will hold a grudge against you, so don’t worry too much. Try to follow these easy tips, just to be on the safe side.

GreekPod101.com offers you high-quality, practical knowledge about the Greek language and culture.

At GreekPod101.com, we aim to provide you with everything you need to know about the Greek language in a fun and interesting way. Stay tuned for more articles like this one, word lists, and grammar tips, all waiting for you to discover them! You can also upgrade to Premium Plus and take advantage of our MyTeacher program to learn Greek with your own personal teacher!

With enough hard work and practice, you’ll soon be a master of Greek etiquette!

On Epiphany Day, Greece celebrates the baptism of Jesus, which manifested the Holy Trinity on Earth. This is one of the most significant Christian holidays in the country and is observed with a variety of traditions.

In this article, you’ll learn about the Epiphany holiday in Greece, from its origin to current Epiphany traditions in Greece.

At GreekPod101.com, it’s our goal to ensure that every aspect of your language-learning journey both fun and informative—starting with this article!

Are you ready? Let’s dive in.

1. What is Epiphany in Greece?

Theophany, or Epiphany, is a Christian holiday that’s celebrated every year to commemorate the baptism of Jesus Christ by John the Baptist in the Jordan River. It’s the third and last holiday of Christmastide, that is to say, the period from Christmas until Epiphany. This period of time is called the Twelve Days because it lasts for twelve days.

According to the Scriptures, one day Jesus appeared before John the Baptist, who was preaching and baptizing in the Jordan River, asking to be baptized. During the baptism, the Holy Spirit, in the form of a dove, descended from heaven and hovered over Jesus while the voice of God was heard from heaven at the same time.

This is how the Holy Trinity was manifested on Earth. Because of this occurrence, the Εκκλησία (eklisía), or “Church,” established the sacrament of baptism with the use of water. This is also why many celebrations of Epiphany in Greece have to do with water.

In some countries, the celebration of the Epiphany also has to do with the visitation of the Magi to Baby Jesus. But Epiphany Day in Greece focuses more on Jesus’ baptism.

2. Date of Epiphany

Each year, Greeks celebrate Epiphany on January 6. The night before is called Epiphany Eve.

3. How is Epiphany Celebrated in Greece?

On Epiphany Day, in the coastal regions of Greece, the custom of the blessing of the waters takes place, something that is reminiscent of the baptism of Jesus. During the ceremony, which is also simply called “sanctification,” the waters are blessed by the wishes and invocations of the Ιερέας (ieréas), or “priest.” The immersion of the Holy Cross in the waters further purifies it.

In non-coastal regions, the ceremony can take place in a river, a lake, or even in a water reservoir. Sanctifications are also carried out in homes, where a priest with a sprig of basil sprinkles the house with Αγιασμός (ayiasmós), or “holy water.”

When the Holy Cross gets immersed into the body of water, many a daring Κολυμβητής (kolimvitís), meaning “swimmer,” or Βουτηχτής (vutihtís), meaning “diver,” dive into the icy-cold waters to retrieve it. Whoever retrieves the Cross kisses it and then shows it around the houses and receives generous gifts. In the Greek movie Madalena, which was filmed in Antiparos in 1960, there’s a typical reproduction of this custom, although somewhat tragicomic!

Another Epiphany celebration in Greece is that of the Κάλαντα των Φώτων (kálanda ton Fóton), or “Epiphany carol,” that children sing the day before the holiday. There’s also the washing of icons.

Do you remember the goblins, the demons that rise to the Earth’s surface on Christmas Eve? With the Epiphany sanctifications, they become frightened, flee, and return again to their subterranean hideout where they remain until the next Christmas Eve!

4. Theophany

The Greek word for Theophany is a compound word. Do you know which words it consists of and why?

The Greek word for Theophany consists of the word Theos (God) and from the ancient verb phaino, which means “to reveal.” The holiday is called this because, as we saw, God revealed Himself on Earth.

Words like phainomai (to seem; to appear), phenomenon, fantasy, phantom, and fanari (lantern; traffic light) derive from the verb phaino.

5. Essential Vocabulary for the Epiphany in Greece

Ready to review some of the vocabulary words we saw in this article? Here’s the essential Greek vocabulary for Epiphany!

• Εκκλησία (eklisía) — “Church”
• Ιερέας (ieréas) — “Priest”
• Τα Φώτα (Ta Fóta) — “Epiphany”
• Αγία Τριάδα (Ayía Triáda) — “Trinity”
• Η ρίψη του Σταυρού (i rípsi tu Stavrú) — “The throwing of the Holy Cross”
• Η ανέλκυση του Σταυρού (i anélkisi tu Stavrú) — “The recovery of the Holy Cross”
• Κολυμβητής (kolimvitís) — “Swimmer”
• Ραντίζω (radízo) — “Plash”
• Ουρανία (Uranía) — “Ourania”
• Αγιασμός (ayiasmós) — “Holy water”
• Αντίδωρο (andídoro) — “Holy bread“
• Φωτεινή (Fotiní) — “Fotini”
• Κάλαντα των Φώτων (kálanda ton Fóton) — “Epiphany carol”
• Βουτηχτής (vutihtís) — “Diver”
• Δαιμόνιο (demónio) — “Demon”
• Χορός των καλικάντζαρων (horós ton kalikádjaron) — “Dance of the elves”
• Χριστιανός (hristianós) — “Christian”
• Βάπτιση του Ιησού Χριστού (Váptisi tu Iisú Hristú) — “Baptism of Jesus Christ”
• Καλικάντζαρος (kalikánjaros) — “Goblin”
• Θεοφάνια (Theofánia) — “Epiphany”
• Ψαλμός (psalmós) — “Psalm”

To hear each of these vocabulary words pronounced, and to read them alongside relevant images, be sure to check out our Greek Epiphany vocabulary list!

Final Thoughts

We hope you enjoyed learning about Epiphany in Greece with us!

Do you celebrate Epiphany in your country? If so, are traditions different or similar to those in Greece? Let us know in the comments; we look forward to hearing from you!

If you’re interested in learning more about Greek culture, or if you want a few more wintery words up your sleeve, you may find the following pages useful:

Greek is a complex language, but learning it doesn’t have to be boring or overwhelming. With GreekPod101.com, it can even be fun! If you’re serious about mastering the language, create your free lifetime account today.

Happy Greek learning! 🙂

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How do you say dates in Greek? And how to write dates in Greek numerals?

Being able to understand, read, and write dates in Greek can be quite tricky. Even things as simple as purchasing a ticket or setting an appointment may confuse novice Greek learners if they’re not familiar with Greek dates.

But don’t worry! We’ve got your back!

By the time you finish this guide, you’ll be able to learn how to read and write the dates, the months, the years, and the days of the week in Greek. You’ll also have a much clearer idea of how dates in modern Greek work.

This is an essential chapter in language learning, as it will be useful whether you’re visiting Greece for vacation or for business.

Ready?

Let’s begin!

Table of Contents

1. How Dates are Usually Written and Read in Greek
2. Reading and Writing Years in Greek
3. Reading and Writing Months in Greek
4. Reading and Writing Days in Greek
5. Reading and Writing Dates in Greek
6. Arranging a Date or an Appointment in Greek
7. Must-Know Phrases about Dates in Greek
8. Conclusion: How GreekPod101 Can Help You Master Greek

1. How Dates are Usually Written and Read in Greek

We’ll start with how to write dates in Greek, and how to read them.

Dates written in Greek typically follow this format: [day] [month] [year].

For the fields [day] and [year], cardinal numbers can be used. However, when it’s the first day of the month, for the field [day], we use the ordinal number.

The field [month] can either include the name of the month in the genitive case, or the corresponding number of the month as an ordinal number and in the genitive case.

Here’s a useful vocabulary compilation, including all the basic words for describing dates:

• ημέρα (iméra) — “day”
• μήνας (mínas) — “month”
• έτος (étos) — “year” [formally]
• χρονιά (hroniá) — “year” [informally]
• ημερομηνία (imerominía) — “date”
• ημερομηνία γέννησης (imerominía yénisis) — “birth date”
• εβδομάδα (evdomáda) — “week”
• σήμερα (símera) — “today”
• αύριο (ávrio) — “tomorrow”
• μεθαύριο (methávrio) — “the day after tomorrow”
• χθες (hthes) — “yesterday”
• προχθές (prohthés) — “the day before yesterday”

2. Reading and Writing Years in Greek

Saying the years in Greek can be tricky. In fact, the learner should have studied numbers in Greek in depth before trying to pronounce the years in Greek correctly.

In need of a quick reminder?

Check out our explanatory videos on Greek Numbers 1-10 and on Greek Numbers 11-100.

Here’s a hint: To say the years in Greek correctly, break down the year to its components, as shown in
the examples below:

• Year: 1990
• Greek: χίλια (1000) + εννιακόσια (900) + ενενήντα (90)
• Romanization: hília + eniakósia + enenínda
• Year: 2008
• Greek: δύο χιλιάδες (2000) + οκτώ ( 8 )
• Romanization: dío hiliádes + októ
• Year: 2019
• Greek: δύο χιλιάδες (2000) + δεκαεννιά (19)
• Romanization: dío hiliádes + dekaeniá

3. Reading and Writing Months in Greek

Months in Greek are easy to learn, since they’re quite similar to their English names.

Here, you can find the names of all months in Greek:

• Ιανουάριος (Ianuários) — “January”
• Φεβρουάριος (Fevruários) — “February”
• Μάρτιος (Mártios) — “March”
• Απρίλιος (Aprílios) — “April”
• Μάιος (Máios) — “May”
• Ιούνιος (Iúnios) — “June”
• Ιούλιος (Iúlios) — “July”
• Αύγουστος (Ávgustos) — “August”
• Σεπτέμβριος (Septémvrios) — “September”
• Οκτώβριος (Októvrios) — “October”
• Νοέμβριος (Noémvrios) — “November”
• Δεκέμβριος (Dekémvrios) — “December”

However, most commonly, months will be in the genitive case due to Greek syntax. Therefore, below you can find all the months in genitive case, as well.

• Ιανουαρίου (Ianuaríu) — “January’s”
• Φεβρουαρίου (Fevruaríu) — “February’s”
• Μαρτίου (Martíu) — “March’s”
• Απριλίου (Aprilíu) — “April’s”
• Μαΐου (Maíu) — “May’s”
• Ιουνίου (Iuníu) — “June’s”
• Ιουλίου (Iulíu) — “July’s”
• Αυγούστου (Avgústu) — “August’s”
• Σεπτεμβρίου (Septemvríu) — “September’s”
• Οκτωβρίου (Oktovríu) — “October’s”
• Νοεμβρίου (Noemvríu) — “November’s”
• Δεκεμβρίου (Dekemvíu) — “December’s”

4. Reading and Writing Days in Greek

Days in Greek follow a numerical pattern. Κυριακή (Sunday) is linguistically perceived as the first day of the week. It emerges from the adjective κυριακός (kiriakós) meaning “of or related to the Lord (Κύριος, Kírios),” setting Κυριακή as the first and most important day of the week.

Then comes Δευτέρα, which derives from δεύτερη ημέρα (défteri iméra) meaning “second day.” Similarly, Τρίτη is the third day of the week, from τρίτη ημέρα (tríti iméra) meaning “third day.” Τετάρτη is the fourth day of the week, from τέταρτη ημέρα (tétarti iméra) meaning “fourth day.” And finally, Πέμπτη is the fifth day of the week, from πέμπτη ημέρα (pémti iméra).

However, the next two days, Παρασκευή and Σάββατο, don’t follow this rule, so you’ll have to remember them.

Here you can find all the days of the week in Greek:

• Κυριακή (Kiriakí) — “Sunday”
• Δευτέρα (Deftéra) — “Monday”
• Τρίτη (Tríti) — “Tuesday”
• Τετάρτη (Tetárti) — “Wednesday”
• Πέμπτη (Pémpti) — “Thursday”
• Παρασκευή (Paraskeví) — “Friday”
• Σάββατο (Sávato) — “Saturday”

Another useful word is “weekend,” which includes Σάββατο and Κυριακή.

• Greek: Σαββατοκύριακο
• Romanization: Savatokíriako
• Translation: “Weekend”

See what Greeks did there? They simply combined these two days into one word.

All the other days are characterized as καθημερινή (kathimeriní) meaning “weekday,” which is also a combination of the words κάθε (káthe) meaning “each” + ημέρα (iméra) meaning “day.”

• Greek: καθημερινή
• Romanization: kathimeriní
• Translation: “weekday”

5. Reading and Writing Dates in Greek

All dates can be read just like their corresponding cardinal number, except for the first day of the month which is read like the corresponding ordinal number. In this section, you can find some examples of full dates.

• English: January 24, 1999
• Greek: 24 Ιανουαρίου 1999 (written speech)
            είκοσι τέσσερις Ιανουαρίου χίλια εννιακόσια ενενήντα εννιά (oral speech)
• Romanization: íkosi téseris Ianuaríu hília eniakósia enenínda eniá
• English: May 1, 2001
• Greek: 1 Μαΐου 2001 (written speech)
            πρώτη Μαΐου του δύο χιλιάδες ένα (oral speech)
• Romanization: próti Maíu tu dío hiliádes éna

The first day of the month is an important exception to the general rule. In Greek, when referring to it, we say πρώτη (próti) meaning “first” in the feminine gender. Cardinal and ordinal numbers act like adjectives and change according to the noun they refer to. In this case, the numbers of the dates of the month refer to the feminine noun ημέρα (iméra) meaning “day,” which is always omitted.

Months, when included in full dates, are in the genitive case. So, in the example presented above, Ιανουάριος (Ianuários) becomes (του) Ιανουαρίου (Ianuaríu) meaning “January’s.” In other words, we could say that in Greek, the actual meaning is “January’s 24th day.”

Now, let’s have a look at another example:

• English: June 2, 1965
• Greek: 2 Ιουνίου 1965 (written speech)
              δύο Ιουνίου του χίλια εννιακόσια εξήντα πέντε (oral speech)
• Romanization: dío Iuníu tu hília eniakósia exínda pénde

Similarly, the month Ιούνιος (Iúnios) becomes Ιουνίου (Iuníu), in the genitive case.

As you might have noticed, the most common written form of dates is quite easy to comprehend, since it’s similar to English.

6. Arranging a Date or an Appointment in Greek

Now that you have a good idea of dates in Greek numerals and writing dates in Greek, let’s learn how to say dates in Greek. Saying dates in Greek can be a little difficult at first, but hopefully seeing them in context will help you see how it works.

Feel like having a date on Valentine’s Day? Here’s the ideal phrase for you.

• Greek: Έχεις κανονίσει τίποτα για τις 14 Φεβρουαρίου;
• Romanization: Éhis kanonísi típota ya tis dekatéseris Fevruaríu?
• Translation: (Literally) “Have you arranged anything for the 14th of February?”
                       (Meaning) “Do you have any plans for February 14th?”

When arranging an informal appointment or a date, you can use the phrases presented below.

• Greek: Θέλεις να βρεθούμε αύριο ή μεθαύριο;
• Romanization: Thélis na vrethúme ávrio i methávrio?
• Translation: “Do you want to get together tomorrow or the day after tomorrow?”
• Greek: Θέλεις να βγούμε για μπίρες το Σάββατο;
• Romanization: Thélis na vgúme ya bíres to Sávato?
• Translation: “Do you want to go for a beer (Literally: beers) on Saturday?”
• Greek: Θέλεις να πάμε για έναν καφέ το Σαββατοκύριακο;
• Romanization: Thélis na páme ya énan kafé to Savatokíriako?
• Translation: “Do you want to grab a cup of coffee on the weekend?”

In case of an informal or formal appointment, you can use the following phrase:

• Greek: Πότε θα ήθελες να κλείσουμε ένα ραντεβού; (Informal)
              Πότε θα θέλατε να κλείσουμε ένα ραντεβού; (Formal)
• Romanization: Póte tha ítheles na klísume éna randevú?
                           Póte tha thélate na klísume éna randevú?
• Translation: “When would you like to book an appointment?”

7. Must-Know Phrases about Dates in Greek

a) What day is it?

• Greek: — Τι μέρα είναι σήμερα;
              — Σήμερα είναι Δευτέρα.
• Romanization: — Ti méra íne símera?
                            — Símera íne Deftéra.
• Translation: — “What day is it (today)?”
                        — “Today is Monday.”

b) Which date is it today?

• Greek: — Τι ημερομηνία έχουμε σήμερα;
               — Σήμερα είναι 25 Φεβρουαρίου του 2019. (είκοσι πέντε Φεβρουαρίου του δύο χιλιάδες δεκαεννιά).
• Romanization: — Ti imerominía éhume símera?
                           — Símera íne i íkosi pénde Fevruaríu tu dío hiliádes dekaeniá.
• Translation: — “What date is it today? “(Literally: What date do we have today?)
                        — “Today is the 25th of February 2019.”

c) When is your birthday?

• Greek: — Πότε έχεις γενέθλια;
              — Στις οκτώ Ιουνίου.
• Romanization: — Póte éhis yenéthlia?
                            — Stis októ Iuníu.
• Translation: — “When is your birthday?” (Literally: When do you have your birthday?)
                       — “On the 8th of June.”

d) When did the Greek Revolution take place? (For advanced learners and lovers of history)

• Greek: — Πότε ξεκίνησε η ελληνική επανάσταση;
               — Στις 25 (είκοσι πέντε) Μαρτίου του 1821 (χίλια οκτακόσια είκοσι ένα).
• Romanization: — Póte xekínise i elinikí epanástasi?
                            — Stis íkosi pénde Martíu tu hília oktakósia íkosi éna.
• Translation: — “When did the Greek Revolution take place?”
                       — “On the 25th of March 1821.”

8. Conclusion: How GreekPod101 Can Help You Master Greek

Feeling overwhelmed? We know, all of these pieces of information might seem a bit too much.

Understanding, reading, and writing dates in Greek might seem hard for a novice learner. However, if you break it down to the basics, you can really master this chapter.

All you need is a little bit of help from a Greek teacher. What if you could have access to educational material from real teachers?

GreekPod101.com offers you high-quality, practical knowledge about the Greek language. At GreekPod101.com, we aim to provide you with everything you need to know about the Greek language in a fun and interesting way. Stay tuned for more articles like this one, word lists, grammar tips, and even YouTube videos, which are waiting for you to discover them!