In the Greek language, an adverb is an uninflected part of speech, which normally modifies a verb. However, adverbs can also modify adjectives, nouns, and even entire phrases.
The good news is that these Greek adverbs remain unchanged, regardless of the case, the number, the tense, or any other grammatical phenomenon. And in Greek, where most parts of speech get inflected, this is definitely an assurance.
The bad news—if any—is that there’s a wide variety of adverbs, and it’s nearly impossible for a novice Greek learner to study all of them.
In this blog post, we’ll guide you through learning the top 100 most common Greek adverbs, along with useful examples of their use.
First of all, Greek adverbs are divided into five distinct categories:
- Temporal adverbs. These denote time and frequency, and answer the question “When?”
- Locative adverbs. These denote place, and answer the question “Where?”
- Qualitative adverbs. These denote manner and answer the question “How?”
- Quantitative adverbs. These denote quantity, and answer the question “How much?”
- Modal adverbs. These denote how certain we are about something through confirmation, hesitation, or negation.
Now, let’s have a look at each of the aforementioned categories in detail. Without further ado, our Greek adverbs list!
Table of Contents1. Temporal Adverbs
If you’re wondering “When?”, then the first answer that will probably pass through your mind is an adverb.
In Greek, Πότε; (Pόte?), meaning “When?”, is a very common question in everyday life. From arranging a business appointment to asking for transportation information, temporal adverbs will surely come in handy.
1 | Greek: σήμερα Romanization: símera Translation: “today” | Example: Greek: Σήμερα δεν κάνει τόσο κρύο. Romanization: Símera den káni tóso krío. Translation: “Today is not that cold.” |
2 | Greek: αύριο Romanization: ávrio Translation: “tomorrow” | Example: Greek: Θα πάμε για ψώνια αύριο. Romanization: Tha páme ya psónia ávrio. Translation: “We’ll go shopping tomorrow.” |
3 | Greek: μεθαύριο Romanization: methávrio Translation: “the day after tomorrow” | Example: Greek: Εάν δεν μπορείς αύριο, πάμε μεθαύριο. Romanization: Εán den borís ávrio, páme methávrio. Translation: “If you can’t tomorrow, let’s go on the day after tomorrow.” |
4 | Greek: χθες Romanization: hthes Translation: “yesterday” | Example: Greek: Χθες ήμουν άρρωστη, αλλά σήμερα είμαι καλύτερα. Romanization: Hthes ímun árrosti, alá símera íme kalítera. Translation: “Yesterday I was sick, but today I’m better.” |
5 | Greek: τώρα Romanization: tóra Translation: “now” | Example: Greek: Δεν γίνεται να μιλήσουμε τώρα, γιατί είμαι απασχολημένος. Romanization: Den yínete na milísume tóra, yiatí íme apasholiménos. Translation: “We can’t talk now because I am busy.” |
6 | Greek: αργότερα Romanization: argótera Translation: “later” | Example: Greek: Παρακαλώ, προσπαθήστε ξανά αργότερα. Romanization: Parakaló, prospathíste xaná argótera. Translation: “Please, try again later.” |
7 | Greek: σύντομα Romanization: síndoma Translation: “shortly” / “soon” | Example: Greek: Θα λάβετε μια απάντηση σύντομα. Romanization: Tha lávete mia apándisi síndoma. Translation: “You’ll receive an answer shortly.” |
8 | Greek: τότε Romanization: tóte Translation: “then” | Example: Greek: Έλα το απόγευμα. Τότε θα έχω χρόνο. Romanization: Éla to apóyevma. Tóte tha ého hróno. Translation: “Come in the afternoon. I’ll have time then.” |
9 | Greek: αργά Romanization: argá Translation: “late” | Example: Greek: Δεν μπορώ να έρθω, γιατί είναι πολύ αργά. Romanization: Den boró na értho, yiatí íne polí argá. Translation: “I can’t come because it’s too late.” |
10 | Greek: νωρίς Romanization: norís Translation: “early” | Example: Greek: Κάθε μέρα ξυπνάω νωρίς το πρωί. Romanization: Káthe méra xipnáo norís to proí. Translation: “Every day, I wake up early in the morning.” |
11 | Greek: φέτος Romanization: fétos Translation: “this year” | Example: Greek: Φέτος ξεκίνησα να μαθαίνω ελληνικά. Romanization: Fétos xekínisa na mathéno eliniká. Translation: “This year, I began learning Greek.” |
12 | Greek: πέρυσι Romanization: périsi Translation: “last year” | Example: Greek: Πέρυσι ήταν η καλύτερη χρονιά της ζωής μου! Romanization: Périsi ítan i kalíteri hroniá tis zoís mu! Translation: “Last year was the best year of my life!” |
13 | Greek: μόλις Romanization: mólis Translation: “as soon as” | Example: Greek: Απάντησα στο μήνυμά σου μόλις το έλαβα. Romanization: Apánisa sto mínimá su mólis to élava. Translation: “I answered your message as soon as I got it.” |
14 | Greek: μετά Romanization: metá Translation: “after” | Example: Greek: Μπορούμε να πάμε για φαγητό μετά τη δουλειά. Τι λες; Romanization: Borúme na páme ya fayitó metá ti duliá. Ti les? Translation: “We can go for lunch after work. What do you say?” |
15 | Greek: πριν Romanization: prin Translation: “before” | Example: Greek: Θα σε πάρω τηλέφωνο πριν κοιμηθώ. Romanization: Tha se páro tiléfono prin kimithó. Translation: “I’ll call you before I go to sleep.” |
16 | Greek: απόψε Romanization: apópse Translation: “tonight” | Example: Greek: Απόψε είναι το πάρτι γενεθλίων μου. Romanization: Apópse íne to párti yenethlíon mu. Translation: “Tonight is my birthday party. |
17 | Greek: έγκαιρα / εγκαίρως Romanization: éngera / engéros Translation: “in time” | Example: Greek: Θα σε ειδοποιήσω εγκαίρως. Romanization: Tha se idopiíso engéros. Translation: “I’ll notify you in time.” |
18 | Greek: ξανά Romanization: xaná Translation: “again” This is often used as a verb prefix meaning “re-,” such as in “redo,” to denote an action being done again. | Example: Greek: Εάν δεν είναι σωστό, κάνε το ξανά (or ξανακάνε το). Romanization: Eán den íne sostó, káne to xaná (or xanakáne to). Translation: “If it’s not correct, do it again / redo it.” Useful expressions: Greek: Ξανά και ξανά. Romanization: Xaná ke xaná. Translation: “Over and over again.” Greek: Ποτέ ξανά! Romanization: Poté xaná! Translation: “Never again!” |
19 | Greek: πάλι Romanization: páli Translation: “again” It’s usually used when “again” implies the speaker’s frustration, but never as a verb prefix. | Example: Greek: Πάλι δεν έκανες τις ασκήσεις σου; Romanization: Páli den ékanes tis askísis su? Translation: “You haven’t done your homework again?” Useful expressions: Greek: Όχι πάλι! Romanization: Óhi páli! Translation: “Not again!” Greek: Άντε πάλι! Romanization: Áde páli! Translation: “There we go again!” |
20 | Greek: ήδη Romanization: ídi Translation: “already” | Example: Greek: Σε έχω συγχωρήσει ήδη πολλές φορές. Romanization: Se ého sinhorísi ídi polés forés. Translation: “I have already forgiven you many times.” |
1.1 Adverbs of Frequency
Another common time-related question is Πόσο συχνά; (Póso sihná?), meaning “How often?” The answer, in this case, regularly includes some of the following adverbs in Greek.
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
Greek: ποτέ Romanization: poté Translation: “never” | Greek: σπάνια / σπανίως Romanization: spánia / spaníos Translation: “rarely” | Greek: συχνά Romanization: sihná Translation: “often” | Greek: συνήθως Romanization: siníthos Translation: “usually” | Greek: πάντα Romanization: páda Translation: “always” |
You may encounter the above adverbs in questionnaires, so they are really useful.
Another adverb of frequency is:
26 | Greek: διαρκώς Romanization: diarkós Translation: “constantly” | Example: Greek: Σταμάτα! Με ενοχλείς διαρκώς. Romanization: Stamáta! Me enohís diarkós. Translation: “Stop it! You are constantly bothering me.” |
When it comes to the cost of a service, the following adverbs are usually used to determine payment methods.
27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 |
Greek: ωριαίως Romanization: oriéos Translation: “hourly” | Greek: ημερησίως Romanization: imerisíos Translation: “daily” / “on a daily basis” | Greek: καθημερινά / καθημερινώς Romanization: kathimeriná / kathimerinós Translation: “daily” / “every day” | Greek: εβδομαδιαίως Romanization: evdomadiéos Translation: “weekly” | Greek: μηνιαίως Romanization: miniéos Translation: “monthly” | Greek: ετησίως Romanization: etisíos Translation: “annually” |
For example:
Greek: Για την υπηρεσία αυτή θα χρεωθείτε ωριαίως / ημερησίως / εβδομαδιαίως / μηνιαίως / ετησίως .
Romanization: Ya tin ipiresía aftí tha hreothíte oriéos / imerisíos / evdomadiéos / miniéos / etisíos.
Translation: “For this service, you will be charged hourly / daily / weekly / monthly / annually.”
2. Locative Adverbs
In this category fall the adverbs answering the question Πού; (Pu?), or “Where?”
33 | Greek: εδώ Romanization: edó Translation: “here” | Example: Greek: Έλα εδώ. Θέλω να σου πω κάτι. Romanization: Éla edó. Thélo na su po káti. Translation: “Come here. I want to tell you something.” |
34 | Greek: εκεί Romanization: ekí Translation: “there” | Example: Greek: Βλέπεις το μεγάλο βουνό εκεί; Ονομάζεται Όλυμπος. Romanization: Vlépis to megálo vunó ekí? Onomázete Ólimbos. Translation: “Do you see that big mountain over there? It’s called Olympus.” |
35 | Greek: παντού Romanization: pandú Translation: “everywhere” | Example: Greek: Στo νησί βλέπεις χαμογελαστούς ανθρώπους παντού. Romanization: Sto nisí vlépis hamoyelastús anthrópus pandú. Translation: “On the island, you can see smiling people everywhere.” |
36 | Greek: κάπου Romanization: kápu Translation: “somewhere” | Example: Greek: Έχασα το κινητό μου. Κάπου πρέπει να το ξέχασα. Romanization: Éhasa to kinitó mu. Kápu prépi na to xéhasa. Translation: “I have lost my mobile phone. I must have forgotten it somewhere.” |
37 | Greek: πουθενά Romanization: puthená Translation: “nowhere” / “somewhere” (in questions) | Examples: Greek: Δεν μπορώ να το βρω πουθενά. Romanization: Den boró na to vro puthená. Translation: “I can’t find it anywhere.” Greek: Είδες πουθενά τα κλειδιά μου; Romanization: Ídes puthená ta klidiá mu? Translation: “Did you see my keys somewhere?” |
38 | Greek: μέσα Romanization: mésa Translation: “inside” / “in” / “within” | Examples: Greek: Έψαξα μέσα και έξω από το σπίτι. Romanization: Épsaxa mésa ke éxo apó to spíti. Translation: “I searched inside and outside the house.” Greek: Το ασανσέρ χάλασε, γιατί πηγαίνει πάνω κάτω χωρίς σταματημό όλη μέρα. Romanization: To asansér hálase, yatí piyéni páno káto horís stamatimó óli méra. Translation: “The elevator broke down because it goes up and down without stopping all day long.” Greek: Όταν περνάω τον δρόμο, κοιτάω δεξιά και αριστερά. Romanization: Ótan pernáo ton drómo, kitáo dexiá ke aristerá. Translation: “When I cross the street, I look right and left.” |
39 | Greek: έξω Romanization: éxo Translation: “outside” / “out” | |
40 | Greek: πάνω Romanization: páno Translation: “up” / “over” / “on” | |
41 | Greek: κάτω Romanization: káto Translation: “down” / “under” / “beneath” | |
42 | Greek: δεξιά Romanization: dexiá Translation: “right” | |
43 | Greek: αριστερά Romanization: aristerá Translation: “left” |
44 | Greek: δίπλα Romanization: dípla Translation: “next to” / “nearby” | Examples: Greek: Το ξενοδοχείο είναι δίπλα στην τράπεζα. Romanization: To xenodohío íne dípla stin trápeza. Translation: “The hotel is next to the bank.” Greek: Το ξενοδοχείο είναι εδώ δίπλα. Romanization: To xenodohío íne edó dípla. Translation: “The hotel is nearby.” Greek: Ο Γιάννης είναι δίπλα μου. Romanization: O Yánis íne dípla mu. Translation: “John is next to me.” |
45 | Greek: μακριά Romanization: makriá Translation: “far” | Example: Greek: Το σπίτι μου δεν είναι μακριά από το κέντρο της πόλης. Romanization: To spíti mu den íne makriá apó to kédro tis pólis. Translation: “My home is not far from the city center.” |
46 | Greek: κοντά Romanization: kondá Translation: “near” | Example: Greek: Το σπίτι μου είναι κοντά στη θάλασσα. Romanization: To spíti mu íne kondá sti thálasa. Translation: “My home is near the sea.” |
47 | Greek: απέναντι Romanization: apénandi Translation: “across” | Example: Greek: Απέναντι από το ξενοδοχείο βρίσκεται ένα καλό εστιατόριο. Romanization: Apénandi apó to xenodohío vrískete éna kaló estiatório. Translation: “Across from the hotel, there’s a good restaurant.” |
48 | Greek: πίσω Romanization: píso Translation: “behind” / “back” | Example: Greek: Πίσω από το φαρμακείο βρίσκεται ένα ιδιωτικό πάρκινγκ. Romanization: Píso apó to farmakío vrískete éna idiotikó párking. Translation: “Behind the pharmacy, there’s private parking.” |
49 | Greek: μπροστά Romanization: brostá Translation: “in front of” | Example: Greek: Μπροστά από το σχολείο βρίσκεται ένα όμορφο πάρκο. Romanization: Brostá apó to scholío vrískete éna ómorfo párko. Translation: “In front of the school, there’s a beautiful park.” |
50 | Greek: ψηλά Romanization: psilá Translation: “(up) high” | Example: Greek: Κοίταξα ψηλά στον ουρανό και είδα ένα εξωτικό πουλί. Romanization: Κítaxa psilá ston uranó ke ída éna exotikó pulí. Translation: “I looked high up in the sky and I saw an exotic bird.” |
51 | Greek: χαμηλά Romanization: hamilá Translation: “(down) low” | Example: Greek: Κοίταξα χαμηλά και είδα ένα μικρό γατάκι στο πεζοδρόμιο. Romanization: Κítaxa hamilá ke ída éna gatáki sto pezodrómio. Translation: “I looked down low and I saw a kitty on the pavement.” |
52 | Greek: μεταξύ Romanization: metaxí Translation: “between” This is followed by a noun in genitive case, as demonstrated in the example. | Example: Greek: Μεταξύ των δύο σπιτιών υπήρχε ένας φράχτης. Romanization: Metaxí ton dío spitión ipírhe énas fráhtis. Translation: “Between the two houses, there was a fence.” |
53 | Greek: ανάμεσα Romanization: anámesa Translation: “between” This adverb is followed by the preposition σε, which is often integrated in the article, becoming στον (masculine) / στη(ν) (feminine) / στο (neutral). | Example: Greek: Ανάμεσα στα δύο σπίτια υπήρχε ένας φράχτης. Romanization: Anámesa sta dío spítia ipírhe énas fráhtis. Translation: “Between the houses, there was a fence.” |
54 | Greek: γύρω Romanization: yíro Translation: “around” | Example: Greek: Γύρω από το δέντρο υπήρχαν πολλές μέλισσες. Romanization: Υíro apó to déndro ipírhan polés mélises. Translation: “Around the tree, there were many bees.” |
55 | Greek: αλλού Romanization: alú Translation: “someplace else” / “somewhere else” | Example: Greek: Αυτό το εστιατόριο είναι γεμάτο. Πάμε αλλού. Romanization: Aftó to estiatório íne yemáto. Páme alú. Translation: “This restaurant is full. Let’s go someplace else.” |
56 | Greek: βόρεια Romanization: vória Translation: “north” | Example: Greek: Η Ελλάδα είναι ένα σταυροδρόμι πολιτισμών. Ανατολικά συνορεύει με την Τουρκία, δυτικά με την Ιταλία, βόρεια με τη Βουλγαρία, βορειοδυτικά με την Αλβανία και νότια με την Αφρική. Romanization: I Elláda íne éna stavrodrómi politizmón. Anatoliká sinorévi me tin Turkía, ditiká me tin Italía, vória me ti Vulgaría, vorioditiká me tin Alvanía ke nótia me tin Afrikí. Translation: “Greece is a crossroad of cultures. It borders Turkey to the east, Italy to the west, Bulgaria to the north, Albania to the northwest, and Africa to the south.” |
57 | Greek: νότια Romanization: nótia Translation: “south” | |
58 | Greek: ανατολικά Romanization: anatoliká Translation: “east” | |
59 | Greek: δυτικά Romanization: ditiká Translation: “west” | |
60 | Greek: βορειοδυτικά Romanization: ditiká Translation: “southwest” |
If you want to learn more phrases about giving directions in Greek, we highly recommend that you check out our relevant blog post.
3. Qualitative Adverbs
Similarly, the adverbs of this category answer the question Πώς; (Pos?), meaning “How?”
61 | Greek: αργά Romanization: argá Translation: “slowly” | Example: Greek: Οδηγάς πολύ γρήγορα. Πήγαινε πιο αργά. Romanization: Odigás polí grígora. Píyene pio argá. Translation: “You are driving very quickly. Go more slowly.” |
62 | Greek: γρήγορα Romanization: grígora Translation: “quickly” |
63 | Greek: προσεκτικά Romanization: prosektiká Translation: “carefully” | Example: Greek: Να μη διαβάζεις απρόσεκτα. Να διαβάζεις προσεκτικά, για να καταλαβαίνεις. Romanization: Na mi diavázis aprósekta. Na diavázis prosektiká, ya na katalavénis. Translation: “You shouldn’t study without paying attention. You should study carefully in order to understand.” |
64 | Greek: απρόσεκτα Romanization: aprósekta Translation: “carelessly” / “without paying attention” |
65 | Greek: ήσυχα Romanization: ísiha Translation: “quietly” | Example: Greek: Το βράδυ προσπαθώ να μπαίνω στο σπίτι ήσυχα, για να μη σε ξυπνήσω. Romanization: To vrádi prospathó na béno sto spíti ísiha, ya na mi se xipníso. Translation: “During the night, I try to enter the house quietly so I won’t wake you up.” |
66 | Greek: χαρούμενα Romanization: harúmena Translation: “happily” | Example: Greek: Ο σκύλος με κοιτά χαρούμενα όταν έρχομαι στο σπίτι και λυπημένα όταν φεύγω. Romanization: O skílos me kitá harúmena ótan érhome sto spíti ke lipiména ótan févgo. Translation: “The dog looks at me happily when I come home and sadly when I leave.” |
67 | Greek: λυπημένα Romanization: lipiména Translation: “sadly” |
68 | Greek: εύκολα Romanization: éfkola Translation: “easily” | Example: Greek: Μπορείς να μπεις εύκολα σε έναν λαβύρινθο, όμως βγαίνεις δύσκολα. Romanization: Borís na bis éfkola se énan lavírintho, ómos vyénis dískola. Translation: “You can enter a labyrinth easily, but you get out of it with difficulty.” |
69 | Greek: δύσκολα Romanization: dískola Translation: “with difficulty” |
70 | Greek: κυριολεκτικά Romanization: kiriolektiká Translation: “literally” | Example: Greek: Αυτό το είπα μεταφορικά. Δεν μιλούσα κυριολεκτικά. Romanization: Aftó to ípa metaforiká. Den milúsa kiriolektiká. Translation: “I said this metaphorically. I wasn’t talking literally.” |
71 | Greek: μεταφορικά Romanization: metaforiká Translation: “metaphorically” |
72 | Greek: έτσι Romanization: étsi Translation: “this/that way” “like this/that” | Example: Greek: —Πώς θέλετε να σας κόψω τα μαλλιά; —Έτσι. Romanization: —Pós thélete na sas kópso ta maliá? —Étsi. Translation: “—How would you like me to cut your hair? —This way.” |
73 | Greek: κάπως Romanization: kápos Translation: “somehow” | Example: Greek: Κάπως πρέπει να συναντηθούμε. Romanization: Κápos prépi na sinadithúme. Translation: “We have to meet somehow.” |
74 | Greek: καλά / καλώς Romanization: kalá / kalós Translation: “well” / “good” | Example: Greek: —Το ραντεβού σας είναι αύριο το απόγευμα. —Καλώς. Romanization: —To randevú sas íne ávrio to apóyevma. —Kalós. Translation: “Your appointment is for tomorrow afternoon. – Good.” |
75 | Greek: κακά / κακώς Romanization: kaká / kakós Translation: “badly” / “bad” | Example: Greek: Κακώς δεν του είπες ότι θα αργήσεις. Romanization: Kakós den tu ípes óti tha aryísis. Translation: “It was bad that you didn’t tell him you’ll be late.” |
76 | Greek: ξαφνικά Romanization: xafniká Translation: “suddenly” | Example: Greek: Ξαφνικά ο ουρανός σκοτείνιασε και άρχισε να βρέχει. Romanization: Χafniká o uranós skotíniase ke árhise na vréhi. Translation: “Suddenly, the sky darkened and it started raining.” |
77 | Greek: ωραία Romanization: oréa Translation: ” nicely” / “nice” | Example: Greek: Αυτή τη φορά πέρασα πολύ ωραία στην εκδρομή μας. Την προηγούμενη φορά ήμουν άρρωστος και πέρασα πολύ άσχημα. Romanization: Aftí ti forá pérasa polí oréa stin ekdromí mas. Tin proigúmeni forá ímun árostos ke pérasa polí áshima. Translation: “This time, I had a nice time on our excursion. Last time, I was sick and I had a bad time.” |
78 | Greek: άσχημα Romanization: áshima Translation: “badly” / “bad” |
79 | Greek: μαζί Romanization: mazí Translation: “together” | Example: Greek: Πήγατε μαζί σινεμά; Romanization: Pígate mazí sinemá? Translation: “Did you go to the cinema together?” |
80 | Greek: ευτυχώς Romanization: eftihós Translation: “fortunately” / “luckily” | Example: Greek: Ευτυχώς η άσκηση ήταν εύκολη, όμως δεν πρόλαβα να την κάνω δυστυχώς. Romanization: Eftihós i áskisi ítan éfkoli, ómos den prólava na tin káno distihós. Translation: “Fortunately, the assignment was easy; but unfortunately, I didn’t get it done. “ |
81 | Greek: δυστυχώς Romanization: distihós Translation: “unfortunately” |
4. Quantitative Adverbs
As you might have guessed, adverbs of quantity answer the question Πόσο; (Póso), or “How much?”
Here are some of the most popular answers:
82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 |
Greek: τόσο Romanization: tóso Translation: “that much“ | Greek: λίγο Romanization: lígo Translation: “(a) little” | Greek: πολύ Romanization: polí Translation: “very” / “much” / “too” | Greek: αρκετά Romanization: arketá Translation: “enough” | Greek: λιγότερο Romanization: ligótero Translation: “less” | Greek: περισσότερο Romanization: perisótero Translation: “more” | Greek: καθόλου Romanization: kathólu Translation: “(not) at all” |
Now, let’s have a look at some more adverbs of quantity, along with some examples.+
89 | Greek: μόνο Romanization: móno Translation: “only” / “just” This adverb is usually accompanied by other relevant adverbs of quantity, such as τόσο (tóso) and λίγο (lígo). | Example: Greek: Έφαγα λίγο μόνο και δεν χόρτασα. Romanization: Éfaga lígo móno ke den hórtasa. Translation: “I ate just a little and I didn’t get full.” |
90 | Greek: περίπου Romanization: perípu Translation: “approximately” / “about” This adverb is usually accompanied by other relevant adverbs of quantity, such as τόσο (tóso). | Example: Greek: Έφαγα τόσο περίπου και δεν χόρτασα. Romanization: Éfaga tóso perípu ke den hórtasa. Translation: “I ate about that much and I didn’t get full.” (while demonstrating the quantity) |
91 | Greek: σχεδόν Romanization: shedón Translation: “almost” / “nearly” This adverb is usually accompanied by other relevant adverbs of quantity, such as τόσο (tóso). | Example: Greek: Έφαγε σχεδόν όλα τα μπισκότα. Romanization: Éfaye schedón óla ta biskóta. Translation: “He ate almost all the cookies.” |
5. Modal Adverbs
Adverbs denoting confirmation, hesitation, or negation typically answer Yes/No questions, or they can be used to express agreement or disagreement in general.
5.1 Confirmation Adverbs
92 | 93 | 94 | 95 |
Greek: ναι Romanization: ne Translation: “yes” | Greek: σίγουρα Romanization: sígura Translation: “surely” / “for sure” | Greek: βέβαια / βεβαίως Romanization: vévea / vevéos Translation: “certainly” | Greek: μάλιστα Romanization: málista Translation: “indeed” |
5.2 Hesitation Adverbs
96 | 97 |
Greek: ίσως Romanization: ísos Translation: “maybe” | Greek: πιθανόν Romanization: pithanón Translation: “perhaps” / “probably” |
5.3 Negation Adverbs
98 | 99 | 100 |
Greek: όχι Romanization: óhi Translation: “no” | Greek: δεν Romanization: den Translation: “not” (with a verb in the indicative mood) | Greek: μη(ν) Romanization: min Translation: “not” (with a verb in the subjunctive mood) |
6. Conclusion
Learning how to describe various actions is an integral part of your studies. In this article, we’ve tried to cover a wide range of modern Greek adverbs which will be useful in everyday life.
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Greek Verb Conjugations: A Mystery of Tenses, Voices & Moods Unraveled
Do you know why Greek is considered a hard language to learn?
(Yes, we know that you might be thinking of many different answers!)
Nevertheless, a perfectly acceptable answer here would be: Verb conjugation!
Greek verbs tend to change according to the person(s) they refer to, the number, the tense, the mood, the voice, and the conjugation group they belong to. Greek verb conjugation is difficult—we get it. However, it’s not a true mystery. There are several rules that can help you categorize regular verbs and conjugate them correctly, but at the same time, there are several irregular verbs you should probably learn by heart.
In this blog post, we’ll focus on the regular Greek verbs’ conjugations, presenting you with tips, tricks, and examples.
1. What is Conjugation?
Conjugation is a phenomenon describing various changes happening to a verb, commonly based on the person(s), the number, the tense, the mood, and the voice. These changes create different pattern sets called conjugation groups, and verbs are categorized according to those groups. |
In Greek, adjectives, pronouns, nouns, and articles change as well. However, in this article, we’ll focus on the Greek verbs and their conjugation, which is one of the most complicated chapters of Greek grammar.
1.1 The Person(s) and Numbers
Before we begin, take a look at this brief Greek conjugation chart:
Greek | Romanization | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
1st Person Singular | εγώ | egó | “I” |
2nd Person Singular | εσύ | esí | “you” |
3rd Person Singular | αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | aftós / aftí / aftó | “he” / “she” / “it” |
1st Person Plural | εμείς | emís | “we” |
2nd Person Plural | εσείς | esís | “you” |
3rd Person Plural | αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | aftí / aftés / aftá | “they” (male / female / neutral) |
Our first stop on the journey of modern Greek verb conjugation is the person(s) and numbers. Greek verbs, just like English verbs, get conjugated according to the first, second, and third person in the singular and plural. To create all these different verb forms, the only thing you need to do is change its suffix (i.e. its ending).
For example:
- εγώ λύνω (egó líno) — “I solve”
- εσύ λύνεις (esí línis) — “you solve”
As you might have noticed, this change can be very tricky for English-speakers, since the verb in English remains unchanged, regardless of the person. That’s surely one major difference between Greek and English grammar, so you’ll need time and a lot of practice to get used to this.
1.2 The Tenses
Lucky for you, the Greek tenses have many similarities with those in English. Let’s have a look at the table below.
Greek Tense | Romanization | Corresponding English Tense | Usage |
---|---|---|---|
Ενεστώτας | Enestótas | Simple Present & Present Continuous | For an action that is happening in the present, either continuously or repeatedly, or just once. |
Παρατατικός | Paratatikós | Past Continuous | For an action that was happening continuously or repeatedly in the past. |
Αόριστος | Aóristos | Simple Past | For an action that happened in the past once or momentarily. |
Στιγμιαίος Μέλλοντας | Stigmiéos Mélondas | Simple Future | For an action that will happen in the future just once or momentarily. |
Εξακολουθητικός Μέλλοντας | Exakoluthitikós Mélondas | Future Continuous | For an action that will be happening in the future continuously or repeatedly. |
Παρακείμενος | Parakímenos | Present Perfect | For an action that began in the past and has been completed by the present time. |
Υπερσυντέλικος | Ipersidélikos | Past Perfect | For an action that began in the past and was completed before a specific moment (or other action) in the past. |
Συντελεσμένος Μέλλοντας | Sindelezménos Mélondas | Future Perfect | For an action that will have been completed by a specific time in the future. |
For example:
- εγώ προσπαθώ (egó prospathó) — “I try” / “I am trying” | ενεστώτας (enestótas, “present tense”)
- εγώ προσπάθησα (egó prospáthisa) — “I tried” | αόριστος (aóristos, “simple past tense” or “aorist tense”)
All future tenses (στιγμιαίος, εξακολουθητικός & συντελεσμένος μέλλοντας) make use of the particle θα (tha), meaning “will.“ Moreover, Συντελεσμένος Μέλλοντας & Παρακείμενος make use of the auxiliary verb έχω (ého), meaning “have,“ whereas Υπερσυντέλικος makes use of είχα (íha), meaning “had.“
1.3 The Moods
In Greek, there are five distinct verb moods, which have to do with how the verb’s action is presented in order to show the intention of the speaker. The Greek moods and their usage are demonstrated in the table below.
Greek Moods | Romanization | Translation | Usage |
---|---|---|---|
Οριστική e.g. Εγώ παίζω. | Oristikí e.g. Egó pézo. | Indicative E.g. “I play.” | Indicates that the action is something certain, real, a fact. |
Υποτακτική e.g. Εσύ πρέπει να κοιμηθείς. | Ipotaktikí e.g. Esí prépi na kimithís. | Subjunctive e.g. “You must sleep.” | Indicates that the action is something wanted or expected, such as a wish, a desire, or an intention. |
Προστακτική e.g. Πήγαινε τώρα! | Prostaktikí e.g. Píyene tóra! | Imperative E.g. “Go now!” | Indicates a command, an order, or a request. |
Μετοχή A) e.g. Παίζοντας πέρασε γρήγορα η ώρα. B) e.g. Τα πιάτα είναι πλυμένα. | Metohí A) e.g. Pézondas pérase grígora i óra. B) e.g. Ta piáta íne pliména. | Participle A) e.g. “By playing, the time passed quickly.” B) e.g. “The dishes are washed.” | A) An uninflected verb form commonly used as an adverb to indicate time, manner, cause, condition, etc. B) An inflected verb form commonly used as an adjective, giving a noun, pronoun, or name a certain attribute. |
Απαρέμφατο e.g. Έχω διαβάσει αυτό το βιβλίο. | Aparémfato e.g. Ého diavási aftó to vivlío. | Infinitive e.g. “I have read this book.” | An uninflected verb form used as a verb formation element in the present perfect, past perfect, and the future perfect tense. |
Please, keep in mind that the mood υποτακτική (Ipotaktikí) usually makes use of the particle να, among other words, in order to be formed as shown in the relative example.
1.4 The Voices
As in English, there are two voices in Greek:
Greek Voices | Romanization | Corresponding English Voice |
Ενεργητική φωνή | Eneryitikí foní | Active voice |
Παθητική φωνή | Pathitikí foní | Passive voice |
For example:
- Active Voice:
Η αδερφή μου αγόρασε το μήλο. (I aderfí mu agórase to mílo.) — “My sister bought the apple.
- Passive Voice:
Το μήλο αγοράστηκε από την αδερφή μου. (To mílo agorástike apó tin aderfí mu.) — “The apple was bought by my sister.”
2. Verb Conjugation Groups
Now, for conjugation in Greek, there are two major conjugation groups: Conjugation A and Conjugation B.
Conjugation A includes verbs ending in:
- -ω | Active Voice
- -ομαι | Passive Voice
For example: λύν-ω / λύν-ομαι (líno / línome) — “to solve” / “to be solved”
Conjugation Β includes verbs ending in:
- -ώ | Active Voice
- -ιέμαι [first class] / -ούμαι, -άμαι, or -ώμαι [second class] | Passive Voice
For example:
- Conjugation B [first class]:
αγαπ-ώ / αγαπ-ιέμαι (agapó / agapiéme) — “to love” / “to be loved” - Conjugation B [second class]:
θεωρ-ώ / θεωρ-ούμαι (theoró / theorúme) — “to think” / “to be thought”
κοιμ-άμαι (kimáme) — “to sleep” (in the passive voice only)
διερωτ-ώμαι (dierotóme) — “to ask myself” (in the passive voice only)
As you saw above, Conjugation B verbs are divided into two classes: those conjugating like αγαπώ [first class] and those like θεωρώ [second class].
Indeed, these two major conjugation groups act as a rule for the majority of regular verbs. When it comes to determining to which category each verb belongs, a rule of thumb is to notice whether the -ω at the end of the verb in the active voice is accentuated. If there’s no accent mark, then the verb follows the Conjugation A model. Otherwise, if the -ώ is accentuated, it follows the Conjugation B model.
Greek verb conjugation is not that easy. There are many irregular verbs and many verb forms, some of which were integrated into modern Greek from ancient Greek. Therefore, in practice, learning how to conjugate verbs according to the two conjugation groups only won’t cover all cases. It’s really necessary to study Greek verb conjugation rules for irregular verbs as well.
3. Conjugation Examples
In the following sections, we’ll be looking at a few Greek conjugation tables to give you a good idea of what to expect.
3.1 Conjugation A
In this category, we find Greek verbs ending in -ω in the active voice, and -ομαι in the passive voice. Below, you can find the complete conjugation of the verb λύνω (líno), meaning “to solve.”
Other Conjugation A verbs that are conjugated in the same way are:
- χάνω (háno) — “to lose”
- πληρώνω (pliróno) — “to pay”
- ντύνω (díno) — “to dress”
Active Voice
Indicative | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | λύνω | έλυνα | έλυσα | θα λύσω | θα λύνω | θα έχω λύσει | έχω λύσει | είχα λύσει |
εσύ | λύνεις | έλυνες | έλυσες | θα λύσεις | θα λύνεις | θα έχεις λύσει | έχεις λύσε | είχες λύσει |
αυτή / αυτό | λύνει | έλυνε | έλυσε | θα λύσει | θα λύνει | θα έχει λύσει | έχει λύσει | είχε λύσει |
εμείς | λύνουμε | λύναμε | λύσαμε | θα λύσουμε | θα λύνουμε | θα έχουμε λύσει | έχουμε λύσει | είχαμε λύσει |
εσείς | λύνετε | λύνατε | λύσατε | θα λύσετε | θα λύνετε | θα έχετε λύσει | έχετε λύσει | είχατε λύσει |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | λύνουν(ε) | έλυναν or λύνανε | έλυσαν or λύσανε | θα λύσουν(ε) | θα λύνουν(ε) | θα έχουν(ε) λύσει | έχουν(ε) λύσει | είχαν(ε) λύσει |
Subjunctive | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | να λύνω | – | να λύσω | – | – | – | να έχω λύσει | – |
εσύ | να λύνεις | – | να λύσεις | – | – | – | να έχεις λύσει | – |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | να λύνει | – | να λύσει | – | – | – | να έχει λύσει | – |
εμείς | να λύνουμε | – | να λύσουμε | – | – | – | να έχουμε λύσει | – |
εσείς | να λύνετε | – | να λύσετε | – | – | – | να έχετε λύσει | – |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | να λύνουν(ε) | – | να λύσουν(ε) | – | – | – | να έχουν(ε) λύσει | – |
Imperative | The participle | The infinitive | ||
Present | Simple Past | Present | Simple Past | |
εσύ | λύνε | λύσε | λύνοντας | λύσει |
εσείς | λύνετε | λύστε |
Passive Voice
Indicative | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | λύνομαι | λυνόμουν(α) | λύθηκα | θα λυθώ | θα λύνομαι | θα έχω λυθεί | έχω λυθεί | είχα λυθεί |
εγώ | λύνεσαι | λυνόσουν(α) | λύθηκες | θα λυθείς | θα λύνεσαι | θα έχεις λυθεί | έχεις λυθεί | είχες λυθεί |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | λύνεται | λυνόταν(ε) | λύθηκε | θα λυθεί | θα λύνεται | θα έχει λυθεί | έχει λυθεί | είχε λυθεί |
εμείς | λυνόμαστε | λυνόμασταν | λυθήκαμε | θα λυθούμε | θα λυνόμαστε | θα έχουμε λυθεί | χουμε λυθεί | είχαμε λυθεί |
εσείς | λύνεστε or λυνόσαστε | λυνόσασταν | λυθήκατε | θα λυθείτε | θα λύνεστε or θα λυνόσαστε | θα έχετε λυθεί | έχετε λυθεί | είχατε λυθεί |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | λύνονται | λύνονταν or λυνόντουσαν | λύθηκαν or λυθήκανε | θα λυθούν(ε) | θα λύνονται | θα έχουν(ε) λυθεί | έχουν(ε) λυθεί | είχαν(ε) λυθεί |
Subjunctive | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | να λύνομαι | – | να λυθώ | – | – | – | να έχω λυθεί | – |
εσύ | να λύνεσαι | – | να λυθείς | – | – | – | να έχεις λυθεί | – |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | να λύνεται | – | να λυθεί | – | – | – | να έχει λυθεί | – |
εμείς | να λυνόμαστε | – | να λυθούμε | – | – | – | να έχουμε λυθεί | – |
εσείς | να λύνεστε or να λυνόσαστε | – | να λυθείτε | – | – | – | να έχετε λυθεί | – |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | να λύνονται | – | να λυθούν(ε) | – | – | – | να έχουν(ε) λυθεί | – |
Imperative | The participle | The infinitive | ||
Present | Simple Past | Present | Simple Past | |
εσύ | – | λύσου | λυμμένος / -η / -ο | λυθεί |
εσείς | – | λυθείτε |
3.2 Conjugation B
First Class
In this category are the Greek verbs ending in -ώ in the active voice, and -ιέμαι in the passive voice. Below, you can find the complete conjugation of the verb αγαπώ (agapó), meaning “to love.”
Other Conjugation Β [first class] verbs that are conjugated in the same way are:
- απαντώ (apandó) — “to answer”
- μιλώ (miló) — “to talk”
- ρωτώ (rotó) — “to ask”
Active Voice
Indicative | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | αγαπάω or αγαπώ | αγαπούσα | αγάπησα | θα αγαπήσω | θα αγαπάω or αγαπώ | θα έχω αγαπήσει | έχω αγαπήσει | είχα αγαπήσει |
εσύ | αγαπάς | αγαπούσες | αγάπησες | θα αγαπήσεις | θα αγαπάς | θα έχεις αγαπήσει | έχεις αγαπήσει | είχες αγαπήσει |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | αγαπάει or αγαπά | αγαπούσε | αγάπησε | θα αγαπήσει | θα αγαπάει or αγαπά | θα έχει αγαπήσει | έχει αγαπήσει | είχε αγαπήσει |
εμείς | αγαπάμε or αγαπούμε | αγαπούσαμε | αγαπήσαμε | θα αγαπήσουμε | θα αγαπάμε or αγαπούμε | θα έχουμε αγαπήσει | έχουμε αγαπήσει | είχαμε αγαπήσει |
εσείς | αγαπάτε | αγαπούσατε | αγαπήσατε | θα αγαπήσετε | θα αγαπάτε | θα έχετε αγαπήσει | έχετε αγαπήσει | είχατε αγαπήσει |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | αγαπάνε or αγαπούν(ε) | αγαπούσαν(ε) | αγάπησαν | θα αγαπήσουν(ε) | θα αγαπάνε or αγαπούν(ε) | θα έχουν(ε) αγαπήσει | έχουν(ε) αγαπήσει | είχαν(ε) αγαπήσει |
Subjunctive | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | να αγαπάω or να αγαπώ | – | να αγαπήσω | – | – | – | να έχω αγαπήσει | – |
εσύ | να αγαπάς | – | να αγαπήσεις | – | – | – | να έχεις αγαπήσει | – |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | να αγαπάει or να αγαπά | – | να αγαπήσει | – | – | – | να έχει αγαπήσει | – |
εμείς | να αγαπάμε or να αγαπούμε | – | να αγαπήσουμε | – | – | – | να έχουμε αγαπήσει | – |
εσείς | να αγαπάτε | – | να αγαπήσετε | – | – | – | να έχετε αγαπήσει | – |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | να αγαπάνε or να αγαπούν(ε) | – | να αγαπήσουν(ε) | – | – | – | να έχουν(ε) αγαπήσει | – |
Imperative | The participle | The infinitive | ||
Present | Simple Past | Present | Simple Past | |
εσύ | αγάπα | αγάπησε | αγαπώντας | αγαπήσει |
εσείς | αγαπάτε | αγαπήστε |
Passive Voice
Indicative | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | αγαπιέμαι | αγαπιόμουν(α) | αγαπήθηκα | θα αγαπηθώ | θα αγαπιέμαι | θα έχω αγαπηθεί | έχω αγαπηθεί | είχα αγαπηθεί |
εσύ | αγαπιέσαι | αγαπιόσουν(α) | αγαπήθηκες | θα αγαπηθείς | θα αγαπιέσαι | θα έχεις αγαπηθεί | έχεις αγαπηθεί | είχες αγαπηθεί |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | αγαπιέται | αγαπιόταν(ε) | αγαπήθηκε | θα αγαπηθεί | θα αγαπιέται | θα έχει αγαπηθεί | έχει αγαπηθεί | είχε αγαπηθεί |
εμείς | αγαπιόμαστε | αγαπιόμασταν / αγαπιόμαστε | αγαπηθήκαμε | θα αγαπηθούμε | θα αγαπιόμαστε | θα έχουμε αγαπηθεί | έχουμε αγαπηθεί | είχαμε αγαπηθεί |
εσείς | αγαπιέστε or αγαπιόσαστε | αγαπιόσασταν or αγαπιόσαστε | αγαπηθήκατε | θα αγαπηθείτε | θα αγαπιέστε or αγαπιόσαστε | θα έχετε αγαπηθεί | έχετε αγαπηθεί | είχατε αγαπηθεί |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | αγαπιέστε or αγαπιόσαστε | αγαπιούνταν(ε) | αγαπήθηκαν | θα αγαπηθούν(ε) | θα αγαπιούνται | θα έχουν(ε) αγαπηθεί | έχουν(ε) αγαπηθεί | είχαν(ε) αγαπηθεί |
Subjunctive | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Future Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | να αγαπιέμαι | – | να αγαπηθώ | – | – | – | να έχω αγαπηθεί | – |
εσύ | να αγαπιέσαι | – | να αγαπηθείς | – | – | – | να έχεις αγαπηθεί | – |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | να αγαπιέται | – | να αγαπηθεί | – | – | – | να έχει αγαπηθεί | – |
εμείς | να αγαπιόμαστε | – | να αγαπηθούμε | – | – | – | να έχουμε αγαπηθεί | – |
εσείς | να αγαπιέστε or αγαπιόσαστε | – | να αγαπηθείτε | – | – | – | να έχετε αγαπηθεί | – |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | να αγαπιούνται | – | να αγαπηθούν(ε) | – | – | – | να έχουν(ε) αγαπηθεί | – |
Imperative | The participle | The infinitive | ||
Present | Simple Past | Present | Simple Past | |
εσύ | – | αγαπήσου | αγαπημένος /-η / -ο | αγαπηθεί |
εσείς | αγαπιέστε | αγαπηθείτε |
Second Class
Included in this category are the Greek verbs ending in -ώ in the active voice, and -ούμαι, -άμαι, or -ώμαι in the passive voice. Below, you can find the complete conjugation of the verb θεωρώ (theoró), meaning “to think” or “to consider.”
Other Conjugation Β [second class] verbs that are conjugated in the same way are:
- μπορώ (boró) — “can” / “to be able to”
- ζω (zo) — “to live”
- παρακαλώ (parakaló) — “to request” / “to beg”
Active Voice
Indicative | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | θεωρούμαι | – | θεωρήθηκα | θα θεωρηθώ | θα θεωρούμαι | θα έχω θεωρηθεί | έχω θεωρηθεί | είχα θεωρηθεί |
εσύ | θεωρείσαι | – | θεωρήθηκες | θα θεωρηθείς | θα θεωρείσαι | θα έχεις θεωρηθεί | έχεις θεωρηθεί | είχες θεωρηθεί |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | θεωρείται | θεωρούνταν(ε) | θεωρήθηκε | θα θεωρηθεί | θα θεωρηθεί | θα έχει θεωρηθεί | έχει θεωρηθεί | είχε θεωρηθεί |
εμείς | θεωρούμαστε | – | θεωρηθήκαμε | θα θεωρηθούμε | θα θεωρηθούμε | θα έχουμε θεωρηθεί | έχουμε θεωρηθεί | είχαμε θεωρηθεί |
εσείς | θεωρείστε | – | θεωρηθήκατε | θα θεωρηθείτε | θα θεωρηθείτε | θα έχετε θεωρηθεί | έχετε θεωρηθεί | είχατε θεωρηθεί |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | θεωρούνται | θεωρούνταν(ε) | θεωρήθηκαν(ε) | θα θεωρηθούν(ε) | θα θεωρηθούν(ε) | θα έχουν(ε) θεωρηθεί | έχουν(ε) θεωρηθεί | είχαν(ε) θεωρηθεί |
Subjunctive | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | να θεωρούμαι | – | να θεωρηθώ | – | – | – | να έχω θεωρηθεί | – |
εσύ | να θεωρείσαι | – | να θεωρηθείς | – | – | – | να έχεις θεωρηθεί | – |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | να θεωρείται | – | να θεωρηθεί | – | – | – | να έχει θεωρηθεί | – |
εμείς | να θεωρούμαστε | – | να θεωρηθούμε | – | – | – | να έχουμε θεωρηθεί | – |
εσείς | να θεωρείστε | – | να θεωρηθείτε | – | – | – | να έχετε θεωρηθεί | – |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | να θεωρούνται | – | να θεωρηθούν(ε) | – | – | – | να έχουν(ε) θεωρηθεί | – |
Imperative | The participle | The infinitive | ||
Present | Simple Past | Present | Simple Past | |
εσύ | – | θεωρήσου | θεωρημένος /-η / -ο | θεωρηθεί |
εσείς | – | θεωρηθείτε |
Passive Voice
Indicative | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | θεωρούμαι | – | θεωρήθηκα | θα θεωρηθώ | θα θεωρούμαι | θα έχω θεωρηθεί | έχω θεωρηθεί | είχα θεωρηθεί |
εσύ | θεωρείσαι | – | θεωρήθηκες | θα θεωρηθείς | θα θεωρείσαι | θα έχεις θεωρηθεί | έχεις θεωρηθεί | είχες θεωρηθεί |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | θεωρείται | θεωρούνταν(ε) | θεωρήθηκε | θα θεωρηθεί | θα θεωρείται | θα έχει θεωρηθεί | έχει θεωρηθεί | είχε θεωρηθεί |
εμείς | θεωρούμαστε | – | θεωρηθήκαμε | θα θεωρηθούμε | θα θεωρούμαστε | θα έχουμε θεωρηθεί | έχουμε θεωρηθεί | είχαμε θεωρηθεί |
εσείς | θεωρείστε | – | θεωρηθήκατε | θα θεωρηθείτε | θα θεωρείστε | θα έχετε θεωρηθεί | έχετε θεωρηθεί | είχατε θεωρηθεί |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | θεωρούνται | θεωρούνταν(ε) | θεωρήθηκαν(ε) | θα θεωρηθούν(ε) | θα θεωρούνται | θα έχουν(ε) θεωρηθεί | έχουν(ε) θεωρηθεί | είχαν(ε) θεωρηθεί |
Subjunctive | ||||||||
Present | Past Continuous | Simple Past | Simple Future | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | |
εγώ | να θεωρούμαι | – | να θεωρηθώ | – | – | – | να έχω θεωρηθεί | – |
εσύ | να θεωρείσαι | – | να θεωρηθείς | – | – | – | να έχεις θεωρηθεί | – |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | να θεωρείται | – | να θεωρηθεί | – | – | – | να έχει θεωρηθεί | – |
εμείς | να θεωρούμαστε | – | να θεωρηθούμε | – | – | – | να έχουμε θεωρηθεί | – |
εσείς | να θεωρείστε | – | να θεωρηθείτε | – | – | – | να έχετε θεωρηθεί | – |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | να θεωρούνται | – | να θεωρηθούν(ε) | – | – | – | να έχουν(ε) θεωρηθεί | – |
Imperative | The participle | The infinitive | ||
Present | Simple Past | Present | Simple Past | |
εσύ | – | θεωρήσου | θεωρημένος /-η / -ο | θεωρηθεί |
εσείς | – | θεωρηθείτε |
Verbs ending in -ώμαι and -άμαι follow the traditional conjugation model of -ούμαι ending verbs, except for certain forms which we’ll see below. The participles may or may not vary from the traditional model.
Let’s see the forms in which the verb εγγυώμαι (engióme), meaning “to guarantee,” varies.
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Past Continuous | Future Continuous | Present | |
εγώ | εγγυ–ώμαι | εγγυ–όμουν | θα εγγυ–ώμαι | να εγγυ–ώμαι |
εσύ | εγγυ–άσαι | εγγυ–όσουν | θα εγγυ–άσαι | να εγγυ–άσαι |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | εγγυ–άται | εγγυ–όταν | θα εγγυ–άται | να εγγυ–άται |
εμείς | εγγυ–όμαστε or εγγυ–ώμεθα (archaic) | εγγυ–όμασταν | θα εγγυ–όμαστε or θα εγγυ–ώμεθα (archaic) | να εγγυ–όμαστε or να εγγυ–ώμεθα (archaic) |
εσείς | εγγυ–άστε or εγγυ–άσθε (archaic) | εγγυ–όσασταν | θα εγγυ–άστε or θα εγγυ–άσθε (archaic) | να εγγυ–άστε or να εγγυ–άσθε (archaic) |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | εγγυ–ούνται or εγγυ–ώνται (archaic) | εγγυ–όνταν or εγγυ–ούνταν | θα εγγυ–ούνται or θα εγγυ–ώνται (archaic) | να εγγυ–ούνται or να εγγυ–ώνται (archaic) |
And lastly, let’s see the forms in which the verb κοιμάμαι (kimáme), meaning “to sleep,” varies.
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Past Continuous | Future Continuous | Present | |
εγώ | κοιμ–άμαι or κοιμ–ούμαι | κοιμ–όμουν(α) | θα κοιμ–άμαι or θα κοιμ–ούμαι | να κοιμ–άμαι or να κοιμ–ούμαι |
εσύ | κοιμ–άσαι | κοιμ–όσουν(α) | θα κοιμ–άσαι | να κοιμ–άσαι |
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό | κοιμ–άται | κοιμ–όταν(ε) | θα κοιμ–άται | να κοιμ–άται |
εμείς | κοιμ–όμαστε or κοιμ–ούμαστε | κοιμ–όμασταν | θα κοιμ–όμαστε or θα κοιμ–ούμαστε | να κοιμ–όμαστε or να κοιμ–ούμαστε |
εσείς | κοιμ–άστε or κοιμ–όσαστε | κοιμ–όσασταν | θα κοιμ–άστε or θα κοιμ–όσαστε | να κοιμ–άστε or να κοιμ–όσαστε |
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά | κοιμ–ούνται | κοιμ-ούνταν or κοιμ–όντουσαν also κοιμ-όντανε (colloquial, rare) | θα κοιμ–ούνται | να κοιμ–ούνται |
4. It’s Quiz Time!
How much do you remember about the conjugation of Greek verbs? If you feel like testing your knowledge, please go ahead and answer the following multiple choice questions.
Θέλω να __________ (λύνω) αυτήν την άσκηση τώρα.
a. λύνω
b. λύσω
c. είχα λύσει
d. έχω λύσει
Εμείς _________ (μένω) στο ξενοδοχείο Athina Hotel.
a. μένουν
b. μένω
c. έμενα
d. μένουμε
Εγώ σε ________ (αγαπώ) πολύ.
a. αγάπη
a. αγάπη
a. αγάπη
a. αγάπη
Αυτός _______________ (ταξιδεύω) σε πολλές χώρες.
a. έχω ταξιδέψει
b. έχει ταξιδέψει
c. είχα ταξιδέψει
d. ταξιδέψαμε
Εσύ _________(πιστεύω) ότι πρέπει να πάμε πιο νωρίς στο σινεμά;
a. πιστεύεις
b. πίστευα
c. πιστεύετε
d. πιστέψαμε
Do you have any questions? Let us know in the comments!
5. Conclusion
Feeling overwhelmed? Just take one step at a time.
This article aimed to cover the conjugation of Greek regular verbs. We also gave you a short presentation of the verb properties, such as the person, number, tense, mood, voice, and conjugation group. All of these verb properties are at the core of this chapter of Greek grammar. For more information on verb conjugation, check out the Intermediate and Upper Intermediate series on GreekPod101.com.
Greek grammar is vast indeed, and we get that you might feel a little dizzy after reading all this new information. So, how would you feel if you had a personal teacher to guide you all the way through this grammar labyrinth? In addition to our great selection of free learning resources, we also offer a personalized premium service, MyTeacher, where you can enjoy a unique one-on-one learning experience!
Top 100 Common Greek Verbs: A Complete Handbook
When it comes to Greek verbs, many people focus only on the grammar aspect, neglecting to really expand their vocabulary.
In this blog post, we aim to provide you with the top 100 most essential Greek verbs. In order to achieve this, we’ve divided the verbs into meaningful categories and have provided an example of how to use each one.
This is your ultimate guide to the huge variety of Greek verbs!
Table of Contents1. An Introduction to Greek Verbs Usage
From a grammar perspective, Greek verbs present two major conjugations: Conjugation A and Conjugation B.
Conjugation A includes verbs ending in:
- -ω | Active Voice
- -ομαι | Passive Voice
e.g. λύν-ω / λύν-ομαι
Conjugation B includes verbs ending in:
- -ώ | Active Voice
- -ιέμαι / – ούμαι | Passive Voice
e.g. αγαπ-ώ / αγαπ-ιέμαι | θεωρώ / θεωρ-ούμαι
In order to understand the Greek verb conjugation rules in depth, you can take a look at our relevant article.
From a syntax perspective, Greek verbs are placed similarly to how they are in English syntax, following the SVO (Subject – Verb – Object) rule. However, what intrigues most students is that the subject may be omitted, especially if it’s a personal pronoun. This phenomenon is very common in the Greek language since the suffix of the verb usually reveals the subject.
In the examples demonstrated below, you’ll be able to familiarize yourself with Greek language verb conjugation, as well as the syntax of each sentence.